# What does it mean to have a subscript and superscript?

What does it mean to have a subscript and superscript ?

I came across this equation from a paper:

$$\phi(w,\xi) = \mathrm{min} \frac{1}{2}\sum_{m=1}^{k}(w_m \cdot w_m) + C\sum_{i=1}^{\gamma}\sum_{m \neq y_i} \xi_i^m$$

I'm having trouble understanding what is going on in the last summation.

• Traditionally a subscript is indexing ( giving a list of variables $a_1,a_2 , \cdots a_n$) and a superscript is for an exponent (to the power of ). In the paper cited they are using a superscript in an indexing fashion. If they had written $\xi_{i,m}$ it would have been less confusing. – Donald Splutterwit Mar 11 '17 at 21:54

In this case, it seems that it is just another index. In the second line of Eq. (3), you can see that $m$ can be any of $\{1,\dots,k\}$ as long as $m\neq y_i.$ Since $\xi$ has two indexes, you can think of it as a matrix.
Usually the subscript i represents a counter, here going from 1 to $\gamma$ in the outer sum, and the superscript $m$ represents as usual an exponent $(\zeta_1)^2$ squared and so on.