I apolgize for contributing yet another question asking about an application of CS. Here it is:
Suppose $p_1, \dots ,p_n$ and $a_1,...,a_n$ are real numbers such that $p_i \geq 0$, $a_i \geq 0$ for all $i$, and $p_1 + \dots + p_n = 1$. Then $$(p_1a_1+ \dots + p_na_n)\left(\frac{p_1}{a_1}+ \dots + \frac{p_n}{a_n}\right) \geq 1$$
The author of my textbook gives the following proof: Apply Cauchy's inequality to the sequences $\sqrt{p_1a_1} \dots \sqrt{p_n}{a_n}$ and $\sqrt{\frac{p_1}{a_1}} \dots \sqrt{\frac{p_n}{a_n}}$. (Thats it)
In trying to fill in the blanks I obtained the following $$\sqrt{p_1a_1} +\dots +\sqrt{p_na_n} \leq \sqrt{p_1+\dots+p_n}\sqrt{a_1+...+a_n} = \sqrt{a_1+...+a_n}$$ and $$\sqrt{\frac{p_1}{a_1}} +\dots +\sqrt{\frac{p_n}{a_n}} \leq \sqrt{p_1+\dots+p_n}\sqrt{\frac{1}{a_1}+...+\frac{1}{a_n}} = \sqrt{\frac{1}{a_1}+...+\frac{1}{a_n}}$$ I'm not entirely sure where to go from here. Perhaps I have misunderstood what he meant by "apply cauchy's inequality to the sequences...". Another idea I had was to note that $$(p_1a_1+ \dots + p_na_n) \leq M_a(p_1+ \dots + p_n)$$ where $M_a$ is the largest $a_i$. And, that $$\left(\frac{p_1}{a_1}+ \dots + \frac{p_n}{a_n}\right) \leq \frac{1}{m_a}(p_1+\dots+p_n)$$ where $m_a$ is the smallest $a_i$. Therefore, since $\frac{M_a}{m_a} \geq 1$ the inequality follows. I am not very confident in the correctness of this method though and would like to understand how to prove the inequality via CS as my book suggests.
