Do four Vectors form a Basis in R3? If I have 4 Vectors: $a_1 = (-1,2,3), a_2 = (0,1,0), a_3 = (1,2,3), a_4 = (-3,2,4)$ How can I determine if they form a basis in R3?
I set the Matrix up into a 3X4 matrix and then reduced it down to the identity matrix with an additional vector $(13/6,-2/3,-5/6)$. 
I also know that for it to form a basis it needs to be linear independent which implies $c1*w1+c2*w2+c3*w3+c4*w4=0$ . If I calculated expression where $c_1=(-x+z-3x), c_2=(y-2x-4/6(z-3x)), c_3=(z-3x)$ and since we want to show $x=y=z=0$, would that mean that these four vectors would NOT form a basis but because there is a fourth vector within the system therefore it is inconsistent? Therefore not providing a Span for R3 as well?
I think I have the math and the concepts down. I would like for someone to verify my logic for solving this and help me develop a proof. 
 A: No. We have a theorem:

Basis Theorem. Let $V$ be a vector space of dimension $n$. Then any basis of $V$ will contain exactly $n$ linearly independent vectors.

Since your set in question has four vectors but you're working in $\mathbb{R}^3$, those four cannot create a basis for this space (it has dimension three).
Now, any linearly dependent set can be reduced to a linearly independent set (and if you're lucky, a basis) by row reduction. Check for unit vectors in the columns - where the pivots are. Any column that is not a unit vector (a vector with a $1$ in exactly one position, zeros everywhere else) corresponds to a vector that can be thrown out of your set.
More concretely, let $S = \{ (-1, 2, 3)^T, (0, 1, 0)^T, (1, 2, 3)^T, (-3, 2, 4)^T \}.$ As you said, row reductions yields a matrix
$$ \tilde{A} = \begin{pmatrix}
1 & 0 & 0 & 13/6 \\ 
0 & 1 & 0 & -2/3\\ 
0 & 0 & 1 & -5/6
\end{pmatrix} $$
in which each column corresponds to the proper vector in $S$ (first column corresponds to the first vector, ...). The last column does not have a pivot, and so the last vector in $S$ can be thrown out of the set. The remaining members of $S$ not only form a linearly independent set, but they span $\mathbb{R}^3$, and since there are exactly three vectors here and $\dim \mathbb{R}^3 = 3$, we have a basis for $\mathbb{R}^3$.
