# Function that satisfies $f(x+ y) = f(x) + f(y)$ but not $f(cx)=cf(x)$ [duplicate]

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Is there a function from $\Bbb R^3 \to \Bbb R^3$ such that $$f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)$$ but not $$f(cx) = cf(x)$$ for some scalar $c$?

Is there one such function even in one dimension? I so, what is it? If not, why?

I came across a function from $\Bbb R^3$ to $\Bbb R^3$ such that $$f(cx) = cf(x)$$ but not $$f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)$$, and I was wondering whether there is one with converse.

Although there is another post titled Overview of the Basic Facts of Cauchy valued functions, I do not understand it. If someone can explain in simplest terms the function that satisfy my question and why, that would be great.

## marked as duplicate by levap, Jorge Fernández Hidalgo, Rohan, user91500, Brevan EllefsenJan 26 '17 at 7:03

Take a $\mathbb Q$-linear function $f:\mathbb R\rightarrow \mathbb R$ that is not $\mathbb R$-linear and consider the function $g(x,y,z)=(f(x),f(y),f(z))$.
To see such a function $f$ exists notice that $\{1,\sqrt{2}\}$ is linearly independent over $\mathbb Q$, so there is a $\mathbb Q$-linear function $f$ that sends $1$ to $1$ and $\sqrt{2}$ to $1$. So clearly $f$ is not $\mathbb R$-linear. ( Zorn's lemma is used for this).
• For those more interested in the details: the answer makes use of the fact that any vector space over any field (say, $\mathbb{R}$ over $\mathbb{Q}$) has a Hamel basis, which is equivalent to the axiom of choice. – lisyarus Jan 26 '17 at 4:10