# Interval for unique solution for first order I.V.P.

Find largest interval in which the I.V.P $$\frac{dy}{dx}=y^{2}+\cos^{2}x,x>0,y(0)=0.$$ has unique solution.

My attempt is as follows

Firstly I apply Picard Theorem for the rectangle $\{(x,y):|x|\leq a,|y|\leq b\}$

$M=b^{2}+1, h=\min\{\frac{b}{b^{2}+1},a\}$, I found $h=1/2$ and hence our required interval is $[0,1/2]$

But my problem is that the function $f(x,y)=y^{2}+\cos^{2}x$ is globally Lipschiz on the region of the type $[0,\infty)\times [-k,k]$ so can i say that the given I.V.P. has unique solution on $[0,\infty)?$

Please suggest where I am wrong? Am I using the wrong result in last one? What is the way to find largest interval of uniqueness of solution on the above I.V.P.? Thank you.

The function $f(x,y)=y^{2}+\cos^{2}x$ is of class $C^{1}$ so it is locally Lipschitz in a neighborhood of every point $(x_{0},y_{0})$. Hence, as long as the solution exists, the solution is unique. Since $f$ is continuous, the solution exists at least for a short time. Let $[0,T)$ be the maximal time of existence on the right (the case $x<0$ is similar). We want to prove that $T<\infty$. Assume by contradiction that $y(x)$ exists for all times. Since $f\geq0$, we have that $y(x)$ is increasing. Actually, it is strictly increasing, since $y^{\prime}(0)=1>0$ and so for $x>0$ sufficiently small, say $0<x\leq a$ (for some small $a>0$), we have that $y(x)>y(0)=0$. But then $y^{\prime}(x)\geq y^{2}(x)\geq y^{2}(a)>0$ for all $x\geq a$ and so $y(x)$ is actually strictly increasing for all $x>0$. Then for $x>0$, $y^{\prime}(x)\geq y^{2}(x)>0$ and so $$\frac{y^{\prime}}{y^{2}}\geq1$$ for all $x>0$. Integrating both sides over the interval $[1,x]$ we get $$\frac{1}{y(1)}\geq-\frac{1}{y(x)}+\frac{1}{y(1)}\geq x-1.$$ Letting $x\rightarrow\infty$ we get a contradiction because the left-hand side is bounded and the right-hand side goes to infinity. This means that $T<\infty$. Thus the solution exists in $[0,T)$ and since it is strictly increasing $$\lim_{x\rightarrow T^{-}}y(x)=\infty.$$ You can do the same for $x<0$.
• That the solution exists and is unique in some maximal interval $(-T_1,T)$ – Gio67 Jan 5 '17 at 4:38