# Prove that $\cos(x+y)=\cos(x)\cos(y)-\sin(x)\sin(y)$ using Cauchy product.

Show the correctness of the equality by making use of the Cauchy product of the series $\cos(x)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^n.\frac{x^{2n}}{(2n)!}$ and $\sin(x)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^n.\frac{x^{2n+1}}{(2n+1)!}$. I've reached $$\cos(x).\cos(y)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^n.\sum_{k=0}^{n}\frac{1}{(2k)!(2(n-k))!}.x^{2k}.y^{2(n-k)}$$ and $$\sin(x).\sin(y)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^n.\sum_{k=0}^{n}\frac{1}{(2k+1)!(2(n-k)+1)!}.x^{2k+1}.y^{2(n-k)+1}$$ and $$\cos(x+y)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^n.\sum_{k=0}^{2n}\frac{1}{k!(2n-k)!}.x^{k}.y^{2n-k}$$

but I guess I'm missing some steps or got something wrong.

Everything is fine so far. We can start from \begin{align*} \cos(x)\cos(y)&=\sum_{n=0}^\infty (-1)^n\sum_{k=0}^n\frac{x^{2k}y^{2n-2k}}{(2k)!(2n-2k)!}\tag{1}\\ \sin(x)\sin(y)&=\sum_{n=0}^\infty (-1)^n\sum_{k=0}^n\frac{x^{2k+1}y^{2n-2k+1}}{(2k+1)!(2n-2k+1)!}\tag{2}\\ \cos(x+y)&=\sum_{n=0}^\infty (-1)^n\sum_{k=0}^{2n}\frac{x^{k}y^{2n-k}}{k!(2n-k)!}\\ \end{align*}

We obtain \begin{align*} \cos(x+y)&=\sum_{n=0}^\infty (-1)^n\sum_{k=0}^{2n}\frac{x^{k}y^{2n-k}}{k!(2n-k)!}\tag{3}\\ &=\sum_{n=0}^\infty (-1)^n\sum_{k=0}^{n}\frac{x^{2k}y^{2n-2k}}{(2k)!(2n-2k)!}\\ &\qquad\qquad +\sum_{n=1}^\infty (-1)^n\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{x^{2k+1}y^{2n-2k-1}}{(2k+1)!(2n-2k-1)!}\tag{4}\\ &=\cos(x)\cos(y)+\sum_{n=0}^\infty (-1)^{n+1}\sum_{k=0}^{n}\frac{x^{2k+1}y^{2n-2k+1}}{(2k+1)!(2n-2k+1)!}\tag{5}\\ &=\cos(x)\cos(y)-\sin(x)\sin(y) \end{align*} and the claim follows.

Comment:

• In (3) we split the inner sum in even and odd parts. We do so by replacing $k\rightarrow 2k$ and $k\rightarrow 2k+1$.

• In (4) we see the left-hand series is already $\cos(x)\cos(y)$ according to (1). We shift the index $n$ of the right-hand series by one to start from $n=0$.

• In (5) we see the right-hand series is $-\sin(x)\sin(y)$ according to (2).

• The splitting trick is quite useful! I just want to point out a typo in (4) and (5): the factorial in the denominator should be $(2k+1)!$, not $(2k-1)!$. Dec 7 '16 at 17:37
• @HaidarAbboud: Typo corrected. Thanks for the hint! Dec 7 '16 at 17:44