Let $X = \text{Proj } R$ be a projective equidimensional Cohen-Macaulay scheme, where $R$ is a finitely generated graded Cohen-Macaulay $\mathbb{C}$-algebra and $\mathcal{O}_X(1)$ is ample. Suppose that the induced homomorphism $R \to H^0(X,\Gamma_*(\mathcal{O}_X))$ is an isomorphism, where $\Gamma_*(\mathcal{O}_X) = \bigoplus_{d \in \mathbb{Z}} \mathcal{O}_X(d)$.
Let $\omega_X$ be a dualizing sheaf for $X$. Is it true that $H^0(X,\Gamma_*(\omega_X))$ is a dualizing module for $R$?
The answer should be positive, as follows (details need filling in).
Work out the case where $R$ is a polynomial ring over $\mathbb{C}$ (if you haven't already). Then use that an arbitrary $R$—Cohen-Macaulay or not—is finite over a polynomial ring, and that if $f: X \to Y$ is a finite map of schemes and $\omega_Y$ is dualizing for $Y$ then the sheaf$$f^! \omega_Y := \text{Hom}_Y(f^* \mathcal{O}_X, \omega_Y)$$is dualizing for $X$, as is the case for the corresponding statement about graded $\mathbb{C}$-algebras.
First of all, I don't assume the ring to be graded by elements of $R_1$. So the finite morphism $X \to Y$ would be into a weighted projective space $Y$.
You might just begin with the dualizing sheaf for weighted projective space; but I have not thought this through. See e.g. here.
