Let $A$ be an $n \times n$ matrix with real entries such that $A^2 + I = 0$ then $n$ is even. Let $A$ be an $n \times n$ matrix with real entries such that $A^2 + I = 0$ then $n$ is even. And if $n = 2k$, then $A$ is similar over the field of real numbers to a matrix of the block form 
$$\begin{bmatrix}
    0      & -I \\
    I & 0 \\
\end{bmatrix}$$ 
where $I$ is the $k \times k$ identity matrix. 
I have done the first part. Since $\det(A^2) = \det (-I)$ we must have $\det (-I)$ non negative and hence $n$ must be even.
Need Help in the second part.
Thank You.
 A: You can solve both parts of the question at the same time as follows: Given $A$, define a map $\mathbb C\times\mathbb R^n\to\mathbb R^n$ by $(u+iv,x)\mapsto (u+iv)\cdot x:=ux+vAx$. Evidently, this is linear over $\mathbb R$ in both components and satisfies $(1,x)\mapsto x$. Using that $A^2=-I$, one easily verifies that it is multiplicative, i.e. $z\cdot (w\cdot x)=(zw)\cdot x$. Hence is satisfies all properties required from scalar multiplication, and hence makes $\mathbb R^n$ into a complex vector space, so $n=2m$ for some $m\in\mathbb N$. Moreover, choosing a complex basis $\{x_1,\dots,x_m\}$ for this vector space, $\{x_1,\dots,x_m,i\cdot x_1,\dots,i\cdot x_m\}$ is a real basis for $\mathbb R^n$. By definition the matrix representation of $A$ with respect to this real basis is the block matrix you have indicated. 
A: Let $T$ be an operator on a $n$-dimensional real vector space $V$ satisfying $T^2+I=0$. We will prove that all such operators have a distinguished cyclic decomposition.
If $T^2+I=0$, then the polynomial $x^2+1$ annihilates $T$. Since this polynomial is irreducible (over the reals), it must be the minimal polynomial. The characteristic polynomial of $T$ must have the same irreducible factors as the minimal polynomial, so it must have the form $(x^2+1)^k$ for some positive integer $k$. Therefore its degree (the dimension of $V$) must be $n=2k$, that is, even. Now we consider the cyclic decomposition of $T$. In other words, we apply the cyclic decomposition theorem to $T$
to get a decomposition of $V$ as a (finite) direct sum of $T$-cyclic subspaces $Z(v,A)$ of $V$ with certain non-zero vectors $v\in V$. The $T$-annihilator of $v$ must divide the minimal polynomial, therefore it must equal $x^2+1$. Hence $(v,Tv)$ is a basis of $Z(v,T)$ such that the matrix of the compression of $T$ to $Z(v,T)$ is the companion matrix of the polynomial $x^2+1$, that is, the matrix
$$\left(\begin{array}{cc} 0 & -1\\ 1 & 0\end{array}\right).$$
Therefore the operator $T$ has the representation as a block diagonal matrix with $k$ blocks equal to the above matrix.
This argument shows that all operators $T$ on an $n$-dimensional real vector space satisfying $T^2+I=0$ have the same matrix in a direct sum of $k=2/n$ cyclic basis.
Therefore all $n\times n$ matrices $A$ satisfying $A^2+I=0$ are similar, in particular they are all similar to a $n\times n$-matrix of the form
$$B=\left(\begin{array}{cc} 0 & -I\\ I & 0\end{array}\right),$$
as $B$ also satisfies $B^2+I=0$, where $I$ is the $k\times k$ identity matrix and $n=2k$.
A: I solve it another method : $det(A^2)=det(-I)=(-1)^n ....(1)$.
Now $\lambda$ is an eigenvalue of $A$ then ${\lambda}^2+I^2=0\Rightarrow \lambda =i,-i.$ So $detA=i(-i)=1\Rightarrow det(A^2)=(detA)^2=1 ....(2)$
So from $(1)$ and $(2)$ we get $n=2m$ for dome $m\in \mathbb{N} $
