# Relation between Improper Riemann integration & Lebesgue integration.

$f(x)=\displaystyle \frac{\sin x}{x}$ is Improper Riemann integrable in $[0,\infty)$ and the integral value $\displaystyle \int_0^{\infty}\frac{\sin x}{x}\,dx=\pi/2$, which is finite.

But , in sense of Lebesgue integration $\displaystyle (L)\int_0^{\infty}\left|\frac{\sin x}{x}\right|\,dx=\infty$ .

Now a function $f$ is said to be integrable over $E$ if $\displaystyle \int_E |f|$ exists and the value is finite. In sense of Riemann-improper integral , integration value is finite for this example. So why it is NOT Lebesgue integrable ?

• A function $f$ is Lebesgue integrable if \begin{align} (L)\int^\infty_{-\infty} |f(x)|\ dx < \infty. \end{align} – Jacky Chong Oct 22 '16 at 7:35
• In the example $f(x) = \frac{\sin x}{x}$, it's not hard to check that \begin{align} \int^\infty_{-\infty}\left|\frac{\sin x}{x} \right|\ dx = \infty. \end{align} – Jacky Chong Oct 22 '16 at 7:37
• It's not Riemann integrable on $[0,\infty)$ either. – zhw. Oct 22 '16 at 16:37

First off, this could be happen for the $f(x)=\sin(x^{2})$ with the same domain $(0,\infty).$ You can analyize it.
The class of Riemann integrable $\subset$ The class of Lebesgue integrable. But the class of the improper Riemann integrable is not comparable with Lebesgue one. You may interpret this is as an inappropriate property but, due to other properties of the Lebesgue integral this abstract integration is the most successful one. At this moment, I am not sure but maybe there is new abstract integration solving this deficiency.
If $f:\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ is a $\lambda$-measurable function, its integral is defined by $$\int_{\mathbb{R}} f\,d\lambda = \int_{\mathbb{R}} f^+\,d\lambda - \int_{\mathbb{R}} f^-\,d\lambda$$ where $f^+ = \max(f,0),f^-=-\min(f,0)$. If $f = \sin x/x$, the integrals $\int_{\mathbb{R}} f^+\,d\lambda, \int_{\mathbb{R}} f^-\,d\lambda$ do not converge ($=\infty$), and $\infty - \infty$ is undefined.
You can still assign a meaningful value to this integral by taking limits like improper Riemann integration: $$\int_{\mathbb{R}} f\,d\lambda = \lim_{r \to \infty} \int_{[-r,r]}f\,d\lambda$$