$\sum_{n=1}^{2016}\left\lfloor\frac{\sqrt n}{10}\right\rfloor$ in 2 minutes 
Find
  $$\sum_{n=1}^{2016}\left\lfloor\frac{\sqrt n}{10}\right\rfloor$$
  where $\lfloor x\rfloor$ is the greatest integer less than or equal to $x$.

Apparently it is to be solved within 2 minutes! But I am completely lost on how to solve this.
 A: Just write it as:
$$\sum \left\lfloor{\frac{\sqrt{n}}{10}}\right\rfloor=\sum \left\lfloor \sqrt{\frac{n}{100}}\right\rfloor$$
Then just search for when you change integer, for example you get $3$ as soon as you are above $\sqrt{9}$ and under $\sqrt{16}$ where you will change for $4$, so for $n\geq 900$, $n<1600$.
A: Look at the places where $f(n)=\frac{\sqrt n}{10}$ "trips" across integers:


*

*$f(n)=1$ when $n=100$, so $\lfloor f(n)\rfloor=0$ when $n<100$

*$f(n)=2$ when $n=400$, so $\lfloor f(n)\rfloor=1$ when $100\le n<400$ (300 numbers)

*Similarly, $\lfloor f(n)\rfloor=2$ when $400\le n<900$ (500 numbers)…

*$\lfloor f(n)\rfloor=3$ when $900\le n<1600$ (700 numbers)…

*$\lfloor f(n)\rfloor=4$ when $1600\le n<2017$ (417 numbers).


The answer is
$$300+2×500+3×700+4×417=5068$$
A: Notice that
$$
\frac{\sqrt{n}}{10} \le \frac{\sqrt{2016}}{10} < 5.
$$
That means, that for $1 \le n \le 2016$, we have
$$
\left\lfloor\frac{\sqrt{n}}{10} \right\rfloor \in \{0, 1, 2, 3, 4\}.
$$
You just have to count for how many $n$ it is each of $0, 1, 2, 3$, and $4$.
