How can I solve for $n$ in the equation $n \log n = C$? Believe it or not, this isn't homework. It's been many years since grade school, and I'm trying to brush up on these things. But my intuition isn't helping me here.
 A: If what you want is to solve for $n$, there is no simple way.  The solution has $n=e^{W(C)} = \frac C{W(C)}$ where $W()$ is the Lambert W function.
A: Since $n \ln n = \ln n^n$, just raise $e$ to each side and you get $n^n = e^C$.
If you want to solve for $n$, I don't know of any method that will work (usually in Computer Science we use approximations or we solve it numerically).
A: I will take the base of the logarithm to be $e$. (If you are in a different base; just replace the $e$.)
$$n\log n = C$$
$$\log n = \frac{C}{n}$$
$$e^{\frac{C}{n}} = n$$
$$(e^C)^{\frac{1}{n}} = n$$
$$e^C = n^n$$
A: You can show that the function $g(x)=x\ln x$ is negative for $0<x<1$ (with a local minimum of $-\frac{1}{e}$ at $\frac{1}{e}$).
It is equal to zero for $x=1$ and is greater than zero for $x>1$.
Therefore we have to make some initial assumptions on $C$. We either have $C\in[-\frac{1}{e},0)$, $C=0$ or $C>0$.
Note that for $C=0$ we have $n=1$ is the solution.
Because $g(x)$ is not one-to-one on $(0,1)$ and has a local minimum we have two solutions for $C\in[-1/e,0)$ so we will disregard this.
There are various ways of solving the equation numerically and here I will just show another idea.
Consider the function 
$$f_C(x)=\frac{C}{\ln x}.$$
The fixed point of $f_C(x)$, $x_f$ is the $n$ that solves your equation.
If the fixed point is attracting you have a way of approximating it. To be attracting we need $|f_C'(x_f)|<1$. This is equivalent to 
$$C<x_f(\ln x_f)^2,$$
but $C=x_f\ln x_f$ and so if $x_f>e$ we have
$$C=x_f\ln x_f<x_f(\ln x_f)^2.$$
So if the solution to the equation is greater than $e$ the fixed point is attracting. Therefore if we can choose an $x_0$ close enough to $x_f$ then the iterations of $x_0$ under $f_C$ will converge to $x_f$.
For example, suppose I am looking at
$$400=n\ln n$$
and I start with $x_0=3$. I find after eight iterations that I have correct to four significant figures $n=89.09$.
