Let us consider the representation theory of $SU(2)$. There is a unique irreducible representation of dimension $n$ for each $n \ge 1$, which we will denote $\mathbf{n}$, with the defining $2$-dimensional representation $\mathbf{2}$ being called the fundamental representation. It is well known that all the irreducible representations can be built up from tensor powers of the fundamental representation. Moreover, from the Schur-Weyl duality, we have ways of classifying the symmetries of the tensor representations.
For example, the tensor power $\mathbf{2}\otimes \mathbf{2}$ decomposes as $$\mathbf{2}\otimes \mathbf{2} = \mathbf{1} \oplus \mathbf{3},$$ where $\mathbf{1} \simeq\Lambda^2(\mathbf{2})$ is the space of alternating tensors over $\mathbf{2}$ and where $\mathbf{3} \simeq S^2(\mathbf{2})$ is the space of symmetric tensors over $\mathbf{2}$.
Likewise, for higher tensor powers of the fundamental representation, we can decompose the space into irreducible representations composed of tensors of mixed symmetry, corresponding to different Young tableaux.
As far as I'm aware, the techniques that I know of only allow us to do this sort of decomposition for tensor powers of the fundamental rep. Is there anyway to generalize this to other irreducible reps? For example, we know that $$\mathbf{3} \otimes \mathbf{3} = \mathbf{1} \oplus \mathbf{3} \oplus \mathbf{5}.$$ Do these irreducible subspaces correspond to symmetric/antisymmetric tensors over $\mathbf{3}$? If so, how can we find the relevant decomposition? Are there ways of classifying the symmetric/anti-symmetric/mixed-symmetric subspaces of $\mathbf{n}^{\otimes k}$ in general?
I am looking for references relating to the above questions (although if the answer is short and simple, feel free to just answer the question). I don't know very much representation theory, so I don't know if this is a well known problem with a solution or if it's intractable. If there are solutions for $SU(N)$ in general, I would be interested to know as well.