Can it be proven using congruence that $a^3 +b^3=c^3$ has no solution? We now that $a^3 +b^3=c^3$ has no solution if $a,b,c\in\mathbb{N}$(thus non of $a$, $b$ or $c$ can be zero). Well I want to know whether this can be proven using congruency (Like how we can prove that there is no sum of square of the can be of the form $4n+3$).
This is how I started:
for any $a$, $a^3\equiv-1,0,1\pmod{7}$.
And the same implies for $b$. Then I took all the $6$ cases and tried to eliminate unwanted cases. I could not go ahead. Is it possible to prove it this way?
 A: A simple argument by congruency cannot establish that $a^3+b^3=c^3$ has no non-trivial solutions. In particular, notice the following identity:
$$a^3+b^3=(a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)$$
The significance of this is that, suppose we choose $a$ and $b$ such that $a+b\equiv 0 \pmod n$. This implies that $a^3+b^3\equiv 0\pmod n$, which is a problem, since $0$ is a cube mod any $n$. For a proof, we would need to show that $a^3+b^3\equiv c^3\pmod n$ has only solutions where $n$ divides all of $a,\,b,\,c$, but our method gives plenty of examples where this is not true. One might more succinctly note the particular case
$$(n-1)^3+(n+1)^3\equiv n^3 \pmod n$$
for any $n$.
That said, it might be possible to find ways to restrict the possibilities of $a$ and $b$ usefully mod $n$. A useful fact to this is that if $p$ is a prime of the form $6m-1$, then every number is a cube mod $p^k$ and if $p$ is a prime of the form $6m+1$, then a third of the numbers are cubes mod $p^k$. These facts follow from the fact that the multiplicative group mod a prime power is the cyclic group of order $\varphi(p^k)$. We get that looking at the equation mod powers of primes of the form $6m+1$ is the only possible way to be productive.
In the particular case of $n=7$, it's worth noting that the observation that the only cubes are $-1,\,0,\,1$ allows us to consider only solutions of the form
$$(7a'+1)^3+(7b')^3+(7c'-1)^3=0$$
It would not surprise me if the non-existence of solutions to $a^3+b^3=c^3$ can be proven by following this path, though I am not aware of any such proof.
