What is an upper bound for number of prime powers less than $n$? What is an upper bound for number of prime powers less than $n$?
I mean the numbers in the form $a^b$ in which $b \ge 2$ and $a$ is a prime number.
I have found that $\frac {\log n} {\log 2} + \frac {\log n} {\log 3} + \frac {\log n} {\log 5} + \dots + \frac {\log n} {\log i}$ is an upper bound ($i$ is the greatest prime less than or equal to $n$).
And I guess it is less than $\pi \left( \frac {\log n} {\log 2} \right)$, so $\pi \left( \frac {\log n} {\log 2} \right)$ is an upper bound.
 A: We can count the powers of $2,3,5,7,11,13,17$ independently and then take care of the other powers using:
$\pi(x)<\lfloor1.3\frac{x}{\log(x)}\rfloor$, for $n\geq 17$.
Suppose $P$ is the number of prime powers less than or equal to $n$, in other words $\sum\limits_{i=2}^{2^i\leq n}\pi(x^{1/i})$ , Then we have the following inequality for $n>7$:
$P\leq\sum\limits_{i=1}^{i\leq7}\lfloor\log_{p_i}(n)-1\rfloor+\sum\limits_{i=2}^{19^i\leq n}\lfloor\frac{1.3n^{1/i}}{i\log(n)}-7\rfloor$
A: The expression you give is a correct computation if you enclose every term on the right in floor brackets.  You can distribute out the $\log n$ numerator, so you are really asking for $\log n\sum_{p \text{ prime}}^{p \le n}\frac 1{\log p}$  We can compute the first few terms in the sum explicitly.  I arbitrarily did primes up through $19$.
$$\log n\sum_{p \text{ prime}}^{p \le n}\frac 1{\log p}\approx \log n(1.5666 +\sum_{k=10}^{p_k  \le n}\frac 1{\log p_k})$$
Then using the prime number theorem, the last term becomes
$$\sum_{k=10}^{p_k  \le n}\frac 1{\log p_k}\approx \sum_{k=10}^{p_k  \le n}\frac 1{\log (k \log k)}=\sum_{k=10}^{p_k  \le n}\frac 1{\log k + \log \log k}$$  Now to get an upper bound we can ignore the $\log \log k$ term in the denominator and change the sum to an integral 
$$\sum_{k=10}^{p_k  \le n}\frac 1{\log k + \log \log k}\gt \sum_{k=10}^{p_k  \le n}\frac 1{\log k}\approx \operatorname{li}(\pi(n))-\operatorname{li}(10)$$
Putting it all together, your bound is 
$$\log n\left(1.5666+\operatorname{li}(\pi(n))-\operatorname{li}(10)\right)$$
