General approach to determine completeness of metric space I've looked at a few questions online asking to determine the completeness of Metric Spaces.
2 such examples of metric spaces $(M,d)$:
1) $M = \{ (x,y) \in \mathbb{R}^2 \space : y>0 $ or $ x=0=y \} $
$\space \space $  $d((x,y),(a,b)) = min \{ max \{ |x-a|,|y-b|  \},y+b \}  $
$\space$
2) 
$M = \{ x \in \mathbb{R} : ||x||<1 \} $
$\space \space $  $d(x,y) = \left\{\begin{matrix}
0 \iff x=y\\ 
2-||x||-||y|| \iff x \neq y
\end{matrix}\right. $
$\space$
I'm less interested in the answer and more interested in the general approach I might take to determine the completeness of metric spaces (not just the 2 above).
People seem to know an appropriate Cauchy Sequence to use as a counter example, or the correct proofs off the top of their heads. What might their thought process be?
I'm very new to metric spaces so I'd be very very grateful if I was given a more intuitive explanation rather than some formal maths.
Thanks!
 A: Both of this examples are rather counter-intuitive but let's look at the second: it seems that points $x,y$ "close to $1$ in the usual metric" (such as $0.999$ and $0.9999$) are also very close to each other in your metric. So one would expect that if the space were complete, the sequence $0.9,0.99,0.999,\ldots$ would converge to something, as the element are very close to each other. But you can easily show that this sequence has no limit (intuitively, the limit should be $1$---even in your strange metric---but $1$ is missing in the space). To finish the proof, of course, you need to formalize these notions which should be easy.
So one general key for proving incompleteness is to try to find a sequence of numbers that are very close to each other (this is formalized in the notion of Cauchy sequence) but have no limit. One example I recommend to have in mind is the incompleteness of $\Bbb Q$, where a sequence of rationals "converging to $\sqrt{2}$" has no limit in $\Bbb Q$. In other words, something is missing there. In the second of your examples, $1$ "is missing". So the right question to start with is 

Can I find a sequence that seems to converge to something but the
  "limit" is not in my space?

To prove completeness, such as in your first example, may be harder: in this case, I would probably split the two cases: either a Cauchy sequence has $y$-coordinates bounded from below by a positive number and then your metric is, in a neighborhood of your sequence, locally the usual max-metric on the closed upper half-plane (I leave to you to work out the details) which is complete, or the $y$-coordinates of your sequence approach to zero and then the limit is clearly $(0,0)$. But the intuition is the same: if the $y$-coordinates are very small, then the points are "close to $(0,0)$", an element of our space.
