Someone is meeting a couple which has two children. One of the children, which is a boy, joins them. What is the probability that the OTHER child is also a boy if we know the OTHER child is younger.
I think the answer must be $\frac 12$. But what is wrong with the following:
Since we know one child is already a boy, the sample space, in order of birth, would be $A = \{ (boy,girl) , (boy,boy) , (girl,boy) \}$. And since we want the younger one to be a boy then the probability would be $\frac 13$.