# Software to render formulas to ASCII art

I guess all computer algebra systems have command line interfaces which render formula as 2D monospace "ascii art". But the only standalone tool to render TeX to 2D I know is tex2mail (comes with PARI/GP).

Are there other standalone programs or libraries for that task, preferably making advantage of various Unicode symbols? Or maybe there is a CAS capable for that.

FriCAS:

            ┌──┐
x   \│%A
┌┐  %e
│   ─────── d%A
└┘       2
%A


tex2mail:

         +-+
,- \|x   2
| e    /x    dx
-'


Maxima:

     /   sqrt(x)
[ %e
I --------- dx
]     2
/    x


Those are meant to represent:

$$\int \frac{e^{\sqrt x}}{x^2} \, dx$$

• I have to ask... why?? – Asaf Karagila May 24 '12 at 17:45
• Because it's BOSS! – Thomas Eding May 24 '12 at 18:02
• @AsafKaragila mostly to output a formula to console. – Yrogirg May 24 '12 at 19:09
• I see. Thank you for the answer. If I had to choose between the above examples or a very complicated $\TeX$ code, I'd choose the $\TeX$. That's just me, though. – Asaf Karagila May 24 '12 at 19:14
• Good lord. That is hideous. If you're stuck in ASCII, it's a million times better to write "the indefinite integral of (exp(root x))/(x^2))dx", or something like that. – Newb Apr 15 '15 at 6:55

You can use this Web Application: Diagon

• Supports ASCII and Unicode.
• Supports other kind of ASCII art diagrams.

## Examples:

sum(i^2, i=0, n) = n^3/2+n^2/2+n/6

output (Unicode)

n
___        3    2
╲     2   n    n    n
╱    i  = ── + ── + ─
‾‾‾        2    2   6
i = 0

output (ASCII):

n
===        3    2
\     2   n    n    n
/    i  = -- + -- + -
===        2    2   6
i = 0


mult(i^2, i=1, n) = (mult(i, i=1, n))^2

                    2
n        ⎛  n    ⎞
━┳┳━   2   ⎜━┳┳━   ⎟
┃┃   i  = ⎜ ┃┃   i⎟
i = 1      ⎝i = 1  ⎠


sqrt(1 + sqrt(1 + x/2))

     _____________
╱        _____
╱        ╱    x
╱        ╱ 1 + ─
╲╱   1 + ╲╱      2


[1,2; 3,4] * [x; y] = [1*x+2*y; 3*x+4*y]

⎛1 2⎞   ⎛x⎞   ⎛1 ⋅ x + 2 ⋅ y⎞
⎜   ⎟ ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜             ⎟
⎝3 4⎠   ⎝y⎠   ⎝3 ⋅ x + 4 ⋅ y⎠


int(x^2/2 * dx ,0 ,1) = n^3/6

1
⌠  2         3
⎮ x         n
⎮ ── ⋅ dx = ──
⌡  2         6
0


phi = 1 + 1/(1+1/(1+1/(1+1/(1+...))))

                 1
φ = 1 + ───────────────────
1
1 + ───────────────
1
1 + ───────────
1
1 + ───────
1 + ...


Disclaimer: I am the author.

It is an open source project under the MIT license.

• Wonderful answer :-) Welcome on the MathSE! :-) – peterh - Reinstate Monica Jun 1 '18 at 21:07

At this site one can get following:

Input:

int(int(int(psi^2, x = -inf .. inf), y = -inf .. inf), z = -inf .. inf) = 1

Output:

   oo    oo    oo
/     /     /
|     |     |    2
|     |     | psi  dx dy dz = 1
|     |     |
/     /     /
-oo   -oo   -oo


Input:

sqrt(e) = 1+1/(1+1/(1+1/(1+1/(5+1/(1+1/(1+1/(9+1/(1+1/(1+...)))))))))

Output:

  _                          1
\/e = 1 + ---------------------------------------
1
1 + -----------------------------------
1
1 + -------------------------------
1
1 + ---------------------------
1
5 + -----------------------
1
1 + -------------------
1
1 + ---------------
1
9 + -----------
1
1 + -------
1 + ...


Input:

e^x = 1 + x + x^2/2! + x^3/3! + x^4/4! + ... = 1 + sum(x^n/n!, n = 1 .. inf)

Output:

                                       oo
2    3    4             =====  n
x           x    x    x              \     x
e  = 1 + x + -- + -- + -- + ... = 1 +  >    --
2!   3!   4!             /     n!
=====
n = 1


Input:

(1/4)pisqrt(2) = sum((-1)^(k+1)/(4*k + 1) + (-1)^(k+1)/(4*k - 3), k = 1 .. inf) = 1 + 1/3 - 1/5 - 1/7 + 1/9 + 1/11 - ...

Output:

            oo
===== /    k + 1       k + 1\
1 __   _   \     |(-1)        (-1)     |       1   1   1   1    1
- || \/2 =  >    |--------- + ---------| = 1 + - - - - - + - + -- - ...
4          /     \ 4 k + 1     4 k - 3 /       3   5   7   9   11
=====
k = 1


Input:

sin(a)/a = cos(a/2) * cos(a/4) * cos(a/8) * cos(a/16) * ... = prod(cos(a/2^n), n = 1 .. inf)

Output:

                                        oo
=====
sin a       a     a     a      a        | |       a
----- = cos - cos - cos - cos -- ... =  | |  cos --
a         2     4     8     16        | |       n
| |      2
n = 1


Input:

lim(1/x^2 - (cos(x)/x)^2, x -> inf) = 1

Output:

        /            2\
| 1   /cos x\ |
lim    |-- - |-----| | = 1
| 2   \  x  / |
x -> oo \x            /


Finally,

$$\int \frac{e^{\sqrt x}}{x^2} \, dx$$

is represented as

Input:

int(e^sqrt(x)/x^2 , x)

Output:

  /
|    _
|  \/x
| e
| ---- dx
|   2
|  x
|
/


I've edited a bit tex2mail to use Unicode for output. Here are the results:

                                      ┌──────┐
┌─┐  3                   4  │     2     6      4
⌠   \│a  x         ┌─┐     3 x  \│1 - x   + x  - 3 x
⎮  ───────── dx = \│a  ──────────────────────────────────
⌡   ┌──────┐                          ┌──────┐
│     2            ⎛    2      ⎞  │     2      2
\│1 - x             ⎝ 3 x  - 12 ⎠ \│1 - x   - 9x  + 12

⎡     1 ⎤n
lim           ⎢ 1 + ─ ⎥  = e
n  --> oo ⎣     n ⎦

n       n
⌠1  x     ──┐oo   ⌠1 x (log x)
⎮  x dx = >       ⎮  ──────────   dx.
⌡0        ──┘n=0  ⌡0     n!

┬─┬oo ⎛   1  ⎞   ⎛ ┬─┬oo   1   ⎞-1           1            1     6
│ │   ⎜ 1-── ⎟ = ⎜ │ │   ───── ⎟   = ───────────────── = ──── = ──  ≈ 61%
┴ ┴p  ⎜    2 ⎟   ⎜ ┴ ┴p     -2 ⎟         1    1          ζ(2)    2
⎝   p  ⎠   ⎝       1-p   ⎠     1 + ── + ── + ∙∙∙          π
2    2
2    3


The look depends hugely on the fonts and the browser. If you are interested in the script here is the link.

• As long as you're using Unicode, why not also replace oo with ∞, --> with →, and so on? You might also consider using Unicode's sub- and superscripted characters whenever possible to save vertical space. – user856 Jun 9 '12 at 20:22
• @RahulNarain Well, --> should be ⟶, not →. However the space occupied by ⟶ depends on the font and the renderer, which can ruin the formatting. Same story with many others characters, even with ⊗. For my taste is ∞ is too small compared to oo. Well, it is ubelievebly easy to make such substitutions. If one wants he may do it, however the results might not be good. – Yrogirg Jun 9 '12 at 20:24
• @RahulNarain As for the sub and superscripts, I just think that they are small and poorly readable. Anyway, implementing this is beyond my Perl skills. – Yrogirg Jun 9 '12 at 20:32

If you are on *NIX platforms you can use asciitex.

There is also aamath which does a great job in traslating the equation to ascii text files.

If you don't want to install anything locally take a look at http://ascii.gallery/matheq which I believe is a web wrapper over aamath.

• I noticed ascii.gallery is moved. Use the new url textart.io/matheq – dors Oct 29 '18 at 20:04