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I am trying to solve the limit

$$ \lim_{x\to 0}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{x \ln2} - \frac{1}{2^x-1} - \frac{1}2}x\right)$$

using L'Hopital's Rule. However, it seems that I am doing something incorrectly, as after using the rule a couple of times, it does not get me anywhere but only complicates the existing limit.

What am I missing?

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  • $\begingroup$ @stochasticboy321 I could do: $\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{\frac{1 - 0.5xln2}{xln2} - \frac{1}{2^x-1} }x$ and use the rule. $\endgroup$ Commented Oct 20, 2015 at 1:55
  • $\begingroup$ The numerator (in both forms) does converge to 0 so L'Hopital is appropriate. $\endgroup$
    – Ian Miller
    Commented Oct 20, 2015 at 2:01
  • $\begingroup$ But the numerator also goes to 0 $\endgroup$
    – Alexis
    Commented Oct 20, 2015 at 2:01
  • $\begingroup$ Oh christ, I just had a brain fart, didn't I. Apologies. $\endgroup$ Commented Oct 20, 2015 at 2:02
  • $\begingroup$ Repeat L'Hopital's Rule can solve it, I think at least 3 times because of the $x^2$ in the denominator. I tried to rewrite it as $$\frac{\frac{1}{x \log (2)}-\frac{1}{2^x-1}-\frac{1}{2^x+1}}{x}+\frac{\frac{1}{2^x+1}-\frac{1}{2}}{x}$$ the first term needs 3 times L'Hopital's Rule, and the second term is easier. $\endgroup$
    – Alexis
    Commented Oct 20, 2015 at 2:42

1 Answer 1

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We can proceed as follows \begin{align} L &= \lim_{x \to 0}\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x\log 2} - \dfrac{1}{2^{x} - 1} - \dfrac{1}{2}}{x}\notag\\ &= \frac{1}{2\log 2}\lim_{x \to 0}\frac{2(2^{x} - 1) - 2x\log 2 - x\log 2(2^{x} - 1)}{x^{2}(2^{x} - 1)}\notag\\ &= \frac{1}{2\log 2}\lim_{x \to 0}\dfrac{2(2^{x} - 1) - 2x\log 2 - x\log 2(2^{x} - 1)}{x^{3}\cdot\dfrac{(2^{x} - 1)}{x}}\notag\\ &= \frac{1}{2(\log 2)^{2}}\lim_{x \to 0}\frac{2(2^{x} - 1) - 2x\log 2 - x\log 2(2^{x} - 1)}{x^{3}}\notag\\ &= \frac{1}{2(\log 2)^{2}}\lim_{x \to 0}\frac{2^{x}\log 2 - \log 2 - (\log 2)^{2}x\cdot 2^{x}}{3x^{2}}\text{ (via L'Hospital's Rule)}\notag\\ &= \frac{1}{2(\log 2)^{2}}\lim_{x \to 0}\frac{ - (\log 2)^{3}x\cdot 2^{x}}{6x}\text{ (via L'Hospital's Rule)}\notag\\ &= -\frac{\log 2}{12}\notag \end{align} Alternatively it is much easier to use Taylor series and get \begin{align} \frac{1}{2^{x} - 1} &= \frac{1}{e^{kx} - 1}\text{ where }k = \log 2\notag\\ &= \dfrac{1}{kx + \dfrac{k^{2}x^{2}}{2} + \dfrac{k^{3}x^{3}}{6} + o(x^{3})}\notag\\ &= \frac{1}{kx}\left(1 + \frac{kx}{2} + \frac{k^{2}x^{2}}{6} + o(x^{2})\right)^{-1}\notag\\ &= \frac{1}{kx}\left(1 - \frac{kx}{2} + \frac{k^{2}x^{2}}{12} + o(x^{2})\right)\notag\\ &= \frac{1}{kx} - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{kx}{12} + o(x)\notag\\ &= \frac{1}{x\log 2} - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{x\log 2}{12} + o(x)\notag \end{align} and therefore $$\frac{1}{x\log 2} - \frac{1}{2^{x} - 1} - \frac{1}{2} = -\frac{x\log 2}{12} + o(x)$$ and upon dividing the above equation by $x$ the desired limit is clearly seen to be $-(\log 2)/12$.

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