"Dictionary" of linearizations for nonlinear dynamical system I have recently jumped on a control project that involves predicting output of a nonlinear system given some input.
The team has used $N$ training input/output relationships to build a 'dictionary' of $N$ linear models. They would like to match query inputs to the most similar model (cross-correlate new input against training inputs etc.) and use the corresponding linear model for prediction.
Is there established theory around this piecewise/dictionary approach to nonlinear systems? I can't find anything in literature, but perhaps my terminology is incorrect.
 A: 
"I have recently jumped on a control project that involves predicting
  output of a nonlinear system given some input."

good luck...no one's found a way of doing this in decades of work. 

"The team has used $N$ training input/output relationships to build a
  'dictionary' of $N$ linear models. They would like to match query
  inputs to the most similar model (cross-correlate new input against
  training inputs etc.) and use the corresponding linear model for
  prediction."

This sounds a lot like gain scheduling to me, which is not really a way of predicting a nonlinear output from an input a priori, but rather of systematically representing a nonlinear system as a linear system about a chosen series of points (or continuous trajectory). This technique is standard and ubiquitous.

"Is there established theory around this piecewise/dictionary approach
  to nonlinear systems? I can't find anything in literature, but perhaps
  my terminology is incorrect."

Yes. It goes under a variety of names: gain scheduling, perturbation theory, Linear time-dependent systems, etc. This is basically the standard approach to controlling a nonlinear plant which is used in practical/industrial controllers.
