# Closed formulas for two Poincaré series

Associated with an arbitrary direct sum $E = \bigoplus_{i \ge 0} E_i$, of finite dimensional $k$-vector spaces $E_i$, $i = 0, 1, 2, \dots,$ there is a formal power series $P_E$, with nonnegative integer coefficients, called Poincare series:$$P_E(t) = \sum_{i = 0}^\infty \dim E_i \cdot t^i.$$For each $i = 0, 1, 2, \dots,$ let $k^i[x_1, \dots, x_n] \subset k[x_1, \dots, x_n]$, resp. $k^i\langle x_i, \dots, x_n\rangle \subset k\langle x_1, \dots, x_n\rangle$, denote the $k$-linear span of monomials, resp. noncommutative monomials, of total degree $i$ (each of the variables $x_1, \dots, x_n$ is assigned degree $1$). Thus, one has a countable direct sum decomposition (as $k$-vector spaces)$$k[x_1, \dots, x_n] = \bigoplus_{i \ge 0} k^i[x_1, \dots, x_n],\text{ }k\langle x_1, \dots, x_n\rangle = \bigoplus_{i \ge 0} k^i \langle x_1, \dots, x_n\rangle.$$My question is, what are the closed formulas for Poincaré series $P_{\mathbb{C}[x_1, \dots, x_n]}$ and $P_{\mathbb{C}\langle x_1, \dots, x_n\rangle}$?

• For something like $a\oplus b$ or $a_1\oplus\cdots\oplus a_n$ I would use \oplus, but for things like $\displaystyle\bigoplus_{i\ge0} E_i$ I think \bigoplus is appropriate and standard, and I edited accordingly. ${}\qquad{}$ – Michael Hardy Aug 14 '15 at 0:26

$$\dim k^i [x_1, \cdots, x_n] = \sum_{e_1 + \cdots + e_n = i} 1.$$