I have a question about Euler's formula

$$e^{ix} = \cos(x)+i\sin(x)$$

I want to show

$$\sin(ax)\sin(bx) = \frac{1}{2}(\cos((a-b)x)-\cos((a+b)x))$$

and

$$\cos(ax)\cos(bx) = \frac{1}{2}(\cos((a-b)x)+\cos((a+b)x))$$

I'm not really sure how to get started here.

Can someone help me?

$$\sin { \left( ax \right) } \sin { \left( bx \right) =\left( \frac { { e }^{ aix }-{ e }^{ -aix } }{ 2i } \right) \left( \frac { { e }^{ bix }-{ e }^{ -bix } }{ 2i } \right) } =\frac { { e }^{ \left( a+b \right) ix }-e^{ \left( a-b \right) ix }-{ e }^{ \left( b-a \right) ix }+{ e }^{ -\left( a+b \right) ix } }{ -4 } \\ =-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left( \frac { { e }^{ \left( a+b \right) ix }+{ e }^{ -\left( a+b \right) ix } }{ 2 } -\frac { { e }^{ \left( a-b \right) ix }+{ e }^{ -\left( a-b \right) ix } }{ 2 } \right) =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left( \cos { \left( a-b \right) x-\cos { \left( a+b \right) x } } \right)$$

same method you can do with $\cos { \left( ax \right) \cos { \left( bx \right) } }$

Edit: $$\int { \sin { \left( ax \right) \sin { \left( bx \right) } } dx=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \left[ \cos { \left( a-b \right) x-\cos { \left( a+b \right) x } } \right] dx=\quad } }$$$$\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \cos { \left( a-b \right) xdx } } -\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \cos { \left( a+b \right) xdx= } }$$

now to order calculate $\int { \cos { \left( a+b \right) xdx } }$ write $$t=\left( a+b \right) x\quad \Rightarrow \quad x=\frac { t }{ a+b } \quad \Rightarrow dx=\frac { 1 }{ a+b } dt\\ \int { \cos { \left( a+b \right) xdx=\frac { 1 }{ a+b } \int { \cos { \left( t \right) } dt=\frac { 1 }{ a+b } \sin { \left( t \right) = } } \frac { 1 }{ a+b } \sin { \left( a+b \right) x } } } +C\\$$

• Do you know how this result could be used to calculate the integrals of sin(ax)sin(bx)dx? and integral of cos(ax)cos(bx)dx? Aug 7 '15 at 20:33
• $\int { \sin { \left( ax \right) \sin { \left( bx \right) } } dx=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \left( \cos { \left( a+b \right) x-\cos { \left( a-b \right) x } } \right) dx=\frac { 1 }{ 2\left( a+b \right) } \int { \cos { \left( a+b \right) xd\left( a+b \right) x } } -\frac { 1 }{ 2\left( a-b \right) } \int { \cos { \left( a-b \right) xd\left( a-b \right) x= } } } } \\ =\frac { 1 }{ 2\left( a+b \right) } \sin { \left( a+b \right) x-\frac { 1 }{ 2\left( a-b \right) } \sin { \left( a-b \right) x } } +C$ Aug 7 '15 at 20:40
• could you add the integral to your answeR? it is overflowing on my page and i cannot read all of it. Aug 7 '15 at 21:22
• Also, it seems like you got a (a+b) factor outside the integral before integrating, where did this come from Aug 7 '15 at 21:23
• ok,i will expand my post with integral Aug 7 '15 at 21:26

HINT:

\begin{align} \cos (x\pm y)+i\sin(x\pm y)&=e^{i(x\pm y)}\\\\ &=e^{ix}e^{\pm iy}\\\\ &=\left(\cos x+i \sin x\right)\left(\cos y\pm i \sin y\right)\\\\ &=(\cos x \cos y\mp \sin x \sin y)+i(\sin x\cos y\pm \sin y\cos x) \end{align}

• I'm confused on your pluses and minuses? How am I suppose to know which one applies to which? YOu have a plus/minus on everything. Aug 7 '15 at 20:27
• The convention is to follow the upper sign consistently to get one result. Follow the lower sign consistently to get the other result. Aug 7 '15 at 20:29
• @JacksonHart I am happy to delete the answer if this was not useful. Aug 7 '15 at 21:48
• Do not delete it, please ! It is a useful answer. Cheers. Aug 8 '15 at 4:57
• @ClaudeLeibovici Hello my friend! How are you? Aug 8 '15 at 4:59

If you want to just use Euler's equation and no trig identities (except the fact that $\sin(x),\cos(x)$ are odd/even respectively), write $\sin(x)=\frac{\exp(ix)-\exp(-ix)}{2i}$ and $\cos(x)=\frac{\exp(ix)+\exp(-ix)}{2}$ and go to town simplifying the product $\sin(ax)\sin(bx)$.

• How does this specifically use exp(ix) = cos(x)+isin(x)? Sorry the methodology here isn't entirely clear to me. Aug 7 '15 at 20:13
• @JacksonHart: Write down $\exp(ix)-\exp(-ix)$ in terms of $\sin(x),\cos(x)$ and use the fact that $\sin(-x)=-\sin(x)$ and $\cos(-x)=\cos(x)$. This will prove the formula for $\sin(x)$. Do the same for $\cos(x)$. Aug 7 '15 at 20:15
• I have sin(ax), not sin(x). Would that just make it exp(iax)? Aug 7 '15 at 20:18

Try using the identity

$$\sin A \cos B \equiv \tfrac{1}{2}\left(\sin(A + B) + \sin(A - B)\right)$$

• how would this be using eulers formula? Aug 7 '15 at 20:20