Asymptotically, only the primes matter. If $p$ is the smallest prime factor of a composite $k$, then $k \geqslant p^2$, and so the contribution of composites to the average can be estimated from above by $\sqrt{n}$ via
$$\sum_{p \leqslant \sqrt{x}} \bigg\lfloor\frac{n}{p}\biggr\rfloor\cdot p \leqslant \sum_{k = 2}^{\lfloor\sqrt{n}\rfloor} \biggl\lfloor\frac{n}{k}\biggr\rfloor\cdot k \leqslant n(\sqrt{n}-1) \leqslant (n-1)\sqrt{n}.$$
The contribution of the primes, ignoring any composites, is obtained via
\begin{align}
\sum_{p \leqslant n} p &= \sum_{k = 2}^n k\cdot (\pi(k) - \pi(k-1))\\
&= \sum_{k = 2}^n k\pi(k) - \sum_{m = 1}^{n-1} (m+1)\pi(m)\\
&= n\pi(n) - \sum_{k = 2}^{n-1} \pi(k)\\
&= \frac{n^2}{2\log n} + O\biggl(\frac{n^2}{(\log n)^2}\biggr),
\end{align}
which shows that the contribution of the primes to the average smallest prime factor is
$$\frac{n}{2\log n} + O\biggl(\frac{n}{(\log n)^2}\biggr).$$
Hence asymtotically
$$\operatorname{ASPF}(n) \sim \frac{n}{2\log n},$$
and
$$\frac{\operatorname{ASPF}(10 n)}{\operatorname{ASPF}(n)} \sim \frac{10 n}{2(\log n + \log 10)}\cdot \frac{2\log n}{n} = \frac{10}{1+\frac{\log 10}{\log n}} \to 10.$$