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I am wondering if we have a set $A\in\mathbb{R}$ that is countable, whether $A^{c}$ is dense in $\mathbb{R}$? I thought I saw this quoted somewhere on google but I can not find it again! I am working through a proof relating to uniqueness of weak limits of sequences distribution functions. The set of discontinuity points of distribution functions are countable, and the proof suggests the complement of this set is dense in $\mathbb{R}$, and I am unsure how this conclusion is arrived at.

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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2 Answers 2

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Yes it is. Suppose it's not : then there exists an nonempty open set $U$ of $\mathbb{R}$ which doesn't meet $A^C$. So $(A^C)^C = A$ contains a non empty open interval, and since open interval are in bijection with $\mathbb{R}$, $A$ is not countable.

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  • $\begingroup$ Thanks for the immediate reply, and thanks for the nice clear proof of why $A^{c}$ is indeed dense. Presumably by two sets not meeting you mean they are disjoint? $\endgroup$
    – dandar
    Commented Mar 12, 2012 at 21:43
  • $\begingroup$ Yes that's what i meant. I'm French, English is not my mother language so i translated directly an expression that is used in French :) $\endgroup$
    – Selim Ghazouani
    Commented Mar 12, 2012 at 21:51
  • $\begingroup$ I think you did use the correct term. I think that 2 sets meeting is a mathematical term that has something to do with lattices, but perhaps for sets in $\mathbb{R}$ means they are not disjoint. The book I am reading uses the same term but does not describe what it means. You have confirmed at least that you also thought as I did. Thanks again. $\endgroup$
    – dandar
    Commented Mar 13, 2012 at 18:12
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Let $a\in \Bbb R$ and suppose $U$ is an open set containing $a$. Then since $U$ contains uncountably many points in $\Bbb R$ and since $A$ is countable, $U\setminus A$ is uncountable and thus contains points of $A^C$ distinct from $a$. It follows that $a$ is in the closure of $A^C$. As $a$ was an arbitrary point in $\Bbb R$, it follows that $A^C$ is dense in $\Bbb R$.

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  • $\begingroup$ Thanks very much David for this very quick answer, it is a nice alternative to the one given by Selim. I gave Selim the accepted answer since I think he beat you for speed by a minute! $\endgroup$
    – dandar
    Commented Mar 12, 2012 at 22:07

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