How to find the center of the circle that contains three given complex numbers? Suppose $\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \alpha_3 $ are complex numbers which are not collinear. Is it possible to use some geometry to find the center of the circle that contains $\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \alpha_3 $ ? 
 A: To find the point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors, we need to find real $s$ and $t$ so that
$$
\overbrace{\frac{\alpha_1+\alpha_2}2+is\frac{\alpha_1-\alpha_2}2}^{\text{perpendicular bisector of }\overrightarrow{\alpha_1\alpha_2}}=\overbrace{\frac{\alpha_2+\alpha_3}2+it\frac{\alpha_2-\alpha_3}2}^{\text{perpendicular bisector of }\overrightarrow{\alpha_2\alpha_3}}\tag{1}
$$
Here is a diagram of the geometry behind $(1)$

$(1)$ is equivalent to
$$
s(\alpha_1-\alpha_2)+t(\alpha_3-\alpha_2)=i(\alpha_1-\alpha_3)\tag{2}
$$
Multiply $(2)$ by $\overline{(\alpha_3-\alpha_2)}$ to get
$$
s(\alpha_1-\alpha_2)\overline{(\alpha_3-\alpha_2)}+t|\alpha_3-\alpha_2|^2=i(\alpha_1-\alpha_3)\overline{(\alpha_3-\alpha_2)}\tag{3}
$$
Consider imaginary parts of $(3)$ to get
$$
\begin{align}
s
&=\frac{\mathrm{Im}\left(i(\alpha_1-\alpha_3)\overline{(\alpha_3-\alpha_2)}\right)}{\mathrm{Im}\left((\alpha_1-\alpha_2)\overline{(\alpha_3-\alpha_2)}\right)}\\
&=\frac{\mathrm{Re}\left((\alpha_3-\alpha_1)\overline{(\alpha_3-\alpha_2)}\right)}{\mathrm{Im}\left((\alpha_3-\alpha_1)\overline{(\alpha_3-\alpha_2)}\right)}\tag{4}
\end{align}
$$
Multiply $(2)$ by $\overline{(\alpha_1-\alpha_2)}$ to get
$$
s|\alpha_1-\alpha_2|^2+t(\alpha_3-\alpha_2)\overline{(\alpha_1-\alpha_2)}=i(\alpha_1-\alpha_3)\overline{(\alpha_1-\alpha_2)}\tag{5}
$$
Consider imaginary parts of $(5)$ to get
$$
\begin{align}
t
&=\frac{\mathrm{Im}\left(i(\alpha_1-\alpha_3)\overline{(\alpha_1-\alpha_2)}\right)}{\mathrm{Im}\left((\alpha_3-\alpha_2)\overline{(\alpha_1-\alpha_2)}\right)}\\
&=\frac{\mathrm{Re}\left((\alpha_2-\alpha_1)\overline{(\alpha_3-\alpha_1)}\right)}{\mathrm{Im}\left((\alpha_2-\alpha_1)\overline{(\alpha_3-\alpha_1)}\right)}\tag{6}
\end{align}
$$
Plug either $(4)$ or $(6)$ into $(1)$ to get the center of the circle.

Example
If
$$
\alpha_1=3+4i,\quad\alpha_2=1-i,\quad\alpha_3=2+i
$$
then
$$
s=\frac{\mathrm{Re}((-1-3i)(1-2i))}{\mathrm{Im}((-1-3i)(1-2i))}=\frac{\mathrm{Re}(-7-i)}{\mathrm{Im}(-7-i)}=7
$$
and
$$
t=\frac{\mathrm{Re}((-2-5i)(-1+3i))}{\mathrm{Im}((-2-5i)(-1+3i))}=\frac{\mathrm{Re}(17-i)}{\mathrm{Im}(17-i)}=-17
$$
Plug $s$ and $t$ into $(1)$:
$$
\frac{4+3i}2+7i\frac{2+5i}2=\frac{-31+17i}2=\frac{3}2-17i\frac{-1-2i}2
$$
So the center is
$$
c=\frac{-31+17i}2
$$
As a check, we can compute the square of the distance to each point:
$$
|\alpha_1-c|^2=\left|\frac{37-9i}2\right|^2=\frac{725}2\\
|\alpha_2-c|^2=\left|\frac{33-19i}2\right|^2=\frac{725}2\\ 
|\alpha_3-c|^2=\left|\frac{35-15i}2\right|^2=\frac{725}2
$$
A: Using some geometry, we'd simply take the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors.
A: This is best done in Cartesian coordinates.
Without loss of generality, assume that one of the points is the origin (translate as necessary). Let $(x,y)$ be the coordinates of the center and $r=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$ the radius. Express the squared distance from the center to the two points:
$$(x-x_a)^2+(y-y_a)^2=x^2+y^2\\(x-x_b)^2+(y-y_b)^2=x^2+y^2,$$
or, after simplification
$$x_ax+y_ay=\frac{x_a^2+y_a^2}2\\
x_bx+y_by=\frac{x_b^2+y_b^2}2.$$
You know the rest.
A: Set $2u=\alpha_2-\alpha_1$ and $2v=\alpha_3-\alpha_1$.
Express that the bisectors of the points of affix $2u$ and $2v$ have a common point:
$$c=u+riu=v+siv,$$ with $r,s$ real.
Multiply by $v^*$ and take the real part to get rid of $s$.
$$\Re(uv^*)+r\Re(iuv^*)=\Re(uv^*)-r\Im(uv^*)=vv^*.$$
Then,
$$r=\frac{\Re(uv^*)-vv^*}{\Im(uv^*)}$$
and
$$c=u+\frac{\Re(uv^*)-vv^*}{\Im(uv^*)}iu=u\frac{\Im(uv^*)+i\Re(uv^*)-ivv^*}{\Im(uv^*)}=u\frac{i(uv^*)^*-ivv^*}{\Im(uv^*)}=iuv\frac{u^*-v^*}{\Im(uv^*)}.$$
The seeked center is $\alpha_1+i\dfrac{(\alpha_2-\alpha_1)(\alpha_3-\alpha_1)(\alpha_2-\alpha_3)^*}{2\,\Im((\alpha_2-\alpha_1)(\alpha_3-\alpha_1)^*)}$.
A: Here is a solution with a somewhat different flavor. Using DFT we can write the three points $a_j$ in the form
$$a_j=m+p\omega^j+q\omega^{-j}\ ,$$
where $\omega:=e^{2\pi i/3}$, and
$$m:={1\over3}(a_1+a_2+a_3),\quad p:={1\over3}(a_1\bar\omega +a_2\omega+a_3),\quad
q:={1\over3}(a_1\omega +a_2\bar\omega+a_3)\ .\tag{1}$$
Now we have to choose the point $z$ in such a way that the quantity
$$|a_j-z|^2=(m+p\omega^j+q\omega^{-j}-z)(\bar m+\bar p\omega^{-j}+\bar q\omega^j-\bar z)\tag{2}$$
does not depend on $j$. This is the case iff the  coefficients  $c$ and $\bar c$ of $\omega^j$  and $\omega^{-j}$ resulting after computing the right hand side of $(2)$  are $=0$. Collecting the relevant terms we get
$$c=m\bar q+p\bar m-p\bar z+q\bar p-z\bar q\ .$$
This leads to the linear system
$$\eqalign{\bar q z+p\bar z&=\bar pq+p\bar m+\bar q m \cr
\bar p z+q\bar z&=p\bar q+\bar p m+ q \bar m \ . \cr}$$
Solving for $z$ and plugging in the values $(1)$ gives
$$z={(a_2-a_3)|a_1|^2+(a_3-a_1)|a_2|^2+(a_1-a_2)|a_3|^2 \over
(a_2-a_3)\bar a_1+(a_3-a_1)\bar a_2+(a_1-a_2)\bar a_3}\ .$$
