I'm having a bit of a problem to solve an initial value problem by employing an implicit s-step Runge-Kutta method (and Newton's method). More precisely, I don't know how to employ Newton's method in this case. The initial value problem is pretty standard:
\begin{equation*} y'(t) = f(t,y(t)), \quad y(t_0) = 0 =:y_0 \in \mathbb R^n, \quad f: \mathbb R \times \mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R. \end{equation*} I'm also given $f'$ (the Jacobian of $f$) and a discrete time grid $(t_0, \ldots, t_N)$ as well as the Butcher tableau regarding the Runge-Kutta method: \begin{equation*} \begin{array}{c|c} c&A \\ \hline &b \end{array}, \quad c \in \mathbb R^s, A \in \mathbb R^{s,s}, b \in \mathbb R^{1,s}. \end{equation*} Now I have to calculate the $k_i$ such that I can calculate $y_1 = y_0 + \sum_{i=1}^s b_ik_i.$ Since $A$ isn't necessarily a strictly lower triangular matrix, or even triangular at all, I have to solve a set of linear (or nonlinear) equations to calculate the $k_i$. So my first system of equations reads as follows: \begin{align*} k_1 &= f\left(t_0+c_1h,y_0+h\sum_{i=1}^sa_{1i}k_1\right)\\ k_2 &= f\left(t_0+c_2h,y_0+h\sum_{i=1}^sa_{2i}k_1\right)\\ &\,\,\vdots\\ k_s &= f\left(t_0+c_sh,y_0+h\sum_{i=1}^sa_{si}k_1\right), \end{align*} with $h := t_1 - t_0$. To solve this system, I have to use Newton's method. That's the part where I'm stuck. My current idea is this: Let $K := (k_1, \ldots, k_s)^T$ and define \begin{equation*} F : \mathbb R^{s\cdot n} \to \mathbb R^{s \cdot n}, \quad K \mapsto \begin{pmatrix} f_1(K)-k_1\\ f_2(K)-k_2\\ \vdots\\ f_s(K)-k_s \end{pmatrix} \end{equation*} with \begin{equation*} f_j(K) = f\left(t_0+c_jh,y_0+h\sum_{i=1}^s a_{ji}k_i \right). \end{equation*} Then I would start, as suggested in the assignment, with $k_1 = k_2 = \ldots = k_s = 0$ to find a $\tilde{K}$ such that $F(\tilde{K}) = 0$ via Newton's method, which would solve the system of equations and thusly allow me to calculate $y_1$. Then I could do the same for $y_2, y_3, \ldots$. I do however need the Jacobian of my function $F$ and I'm inadept to calculate it simply given the Jacobian of $ f $ I'm presented with.
I suppose it'd look like this: \begin{align*} J_F(K) &= \begin{pmatrix} \frac{\partial f_1-k_1}{\partial k_1} (K)& \frac{\partial f_1-k_1}{\partial k_2} (K)& \cdots & \frac{\partial f_1-k_1}{\partial k_s}(K)\\ \frac{\partial f_2-k_2}{\partial k_1}(K)& \frac{\partial f_2-k_2}{\partial k_2} (K) & \cdots & \frac{\partial f_2-k_2}{\partial k_s}(K)\\ \vdots & & \ddots & \vdots\\ \frac{\partial f_s-k_s}{\partial k_1} (K)& \cdots & & \frac{\partial f_s-k_s}{\partial k_s}(K) \end{pmatrix} \\&= \begin{pmatrix} \left(\frac{\partial f_1}{\partial k_1}-1\right) (K)& \frac{\partial f_1}{\partial k_2} (K)& \cdots & \frac{\partial f_1}{\partial k_s}(K)\\ \frac{\partial f_2}{\partial k_1}(K)& \left(\frac{\partial f_2}{\partial k_2}-1\right) (K) & \cdots & \frac{\partial f_2}{\partial k_s}(K)\\ \vdots & & \ddots & \vdots\\ \frac{\partial f_s}{\partial k_1} (K)& \cdots & & \left(\frac{\partial f_s}{\partial k_s}-1\right)(K) \end{pmatrix}. \end{align*}
Note: I do not know which function I'm given, nor do I know which Runge-Kutta method I actually have to solve. I'm writing a program in MATLAB and get these information fed as part of the assignment. Moreover, the solving of the problem is slightly urgent.
