Let $q(x)=\frac{1}{6}\left(x^1+x^2+x^3+x^4+x^5+x^6\right)$. Write:
$$\begin{align}G(x)&=\sum_{n=0}^\infty q(x)^n\\&=\frac{1}{1-q(x)}\\&=\frac{6}{6-x-x^2-x^3-x^4-x^5-x^6}
\end{align}$$
Then the coefficient of $x^N$ in $G(x)$ is your probability.
So you need to know something about the roots of the denominator. $1$ is one such root, but you are going to need to deal with complex roots, as well, or at least get an upper bound for the roots.
The formula is:
$$p(N)=a_1\alpha_1^N+a_2\alpha_2^N+\cdots a_6\alpha_6^N$$
For some constants $a_i$ and with the $\alpha_i$ the inverse roots of the denominator.
According to Wolfram Alpha, the roots of the denominator are $1$ and a bunch of values (one real, four complex) with absolute value greater than $1$.
So for large enough $N$, $p(N)\approx a_1$.
We can find $a_1$ by doing the usual partial fractions computation:
$$\lim_{x\to 1} G(x)(1-x)=\frac{2}{7}=\frac{1}{3.5}$$ which is what Arthur conjectured in comments above.
It turns out for $i>1$, $|\alpha_i|<\frac{3}{4}$, so we have:
$$p(N)=\frac{2}{7} + o\left(\left(\frac 34\right)^N\right)$$
We can also get a recursion:
$$P(n+6)=\frac{1}{6}\left(P(n)+P(n+1)+P(n+2)+P(n+3)+P(n+4)+P(n+5)\right)$$
We get $P(28)=.2857\dots.$ For $n\geq 88$ we get:
$$P(n)=0.285714285714\dots$$ which is $12$ digits of accuracy to $\frac{2}{7}=0.\overline{285714}.$
We also get that $$\frac{P(100)-\frac{2}{7}}{\left(\frac34\right)^{100}}\approx -0.016$$
and
$$\frac{P(1000)-\frac{2}{7}}{\left(\frac34\right)^{1000}}\approx 7.34\times 10^{-13}$$
(Computing the left side with python Fraction class to get exact value, then converted to float.)
This gives:
$$P(1000)-\frac{2}{7}\approx 8.45\times 10^{-138}$$