If we have that two matrices $A\approx A'$ within some guaranteed error bound for each term, and $A=U\Sigma V$ is the singular value decomposition for $A$, and $A'=U'\Sigma' V'$ is the SVD for $A'$, is there anything we can say about how close $U$ is to $U'$?
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I'm afraid there isn't much to say. An obvious reason is that SVD is not unique, but a deeper reason is that the left singular vectors of $A$ are eigenvectors of $AA^\ast$, and the eigenspaces of a matrix do not necessarily vary continuously with the matrix entries (in contrast, eigenvalues do vary continuously). See this answer on MO for an elegant example.
