Notation: $\sum\limits_{i=m}^n i$, with $m>n$.

I came across with that notation in one book. They defined

$$\overline{X_n}=\frac{X_1+...+X_n}{n}.$$

Then they define $n\in \mathbb N$, $k_n\in\mathbb Z$ such that:

$$[k_n]^2\leq n\leq [k_n+1]^2.$$

Now they say:

$$\overline{X_n}-\frac{[k_n]^2}{n}\overline{X_{k_n^2}}=\frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{j=k^2_n+1}^nX_j.$$

However the left-hand side of the equation is $$\frac{X_1+X_2+...+X_n}{n}-\frac{k^2_n}{n}\left(\frac{X_1+X_2+...+X_{k^2_n}}{k^2_n}\right)=\frac{-X_{n+1}-X_{n+2}-...-X_{k^2_n}}{n}$$ $$\stackrel{?}{=}\frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{j=k^2_n+1}^nX_j.$$

Any help for this notation would be appreciated, I have never seen this before. Also the sum looks like shifted because the real result of $\overline{X_n}-\frac{[k_n]^2}{n}\overline{X_{k_n^2}}$ starts with $-X_{n+1}$ and ends with $-X_{k^2_n}.$

• No, you have $k_n^2 \leqslant n$, so $$X_1 + \dotsc + X_n = (X_1 + \dotsc + X_{k_n^2}) + (X_{k_n^2+1} + \dotsc + X_n).$$ Nov 22 '14 at 14:52

Consider that you have $k_n^2 \leq n$ so the only members of the sum left are the ones that go from $k_n^2+1$ to $n$ ${}{}$