# Integration/Fundamental Theorem of Calc

Problem:

Let: $F(x)=\int_{\sin x}^{\cos x}e^{t^{2}+xt}\,dt$. Compute $F^{'}(0)$.

I tried the following: $F(x)=\int_{a}^{\cos x}e^{t^{2}+xt}\,dt - \int_{a}^{\sin x}e^{t^{2}+xt}\,dt$ where $a$ is between $\cos x$ and $\sin x$. Then I applied the second Fundamental theorem of Calculus to get: $F^{'}(x)=e^{\cos^{2}x+x\cos x}-e^{\sin^{2}x+x\sin x}$ and Hence $F^{'}(0)=e-1$. But in the book, the given solution is : $\frac{e-3}{2}$. Can anyone tell me what's wrong with my proof and give me the correct solution?

• Do you mean to have the $x$ in the exponent in the integrand? – Joe Johnson 126 Jan 26 '12 at 22:10

$$F(x)=\int_{\sin x}^{\cos x}e^{t^{2}+xt}\,dt$$

To compute $F^{'}(0)$ let's use my latest derivation (applied to $a(x)=\sin x$, $b(x)=\cos x$, $h(x,t)=t^2+xt$) :

$$F'(x)=\int_{a(x)}^{b(x)}\frac{\partial h(x,t)}{\partial x}.e^{h(x,t)}dt+b'(x)e^{h(x,b(x))}-a'(x)e^{h(x,a(x))}$$

So that $$F'(0)=\int_{sin(0)}^{cos(0)}t.e^{t^2+0t}dt-\sin(0)e^{cos(0)^2+0\cos(0)}-\cos(0)e^{\sin(0)^2+0\sin0))}$$

or $$F'(0)=\int_0^1 t.e^{t^2}dt-1=\frac{e^{t^2}}2|_0^1-1=\frac{e-3}2$$

For convenience I use $x$ as the variable of integration. Let $$F(t)=I(u(t),v(t),t)=\int_{u(t)}^{v(t)}f(x,t)dx$$

You have variable limits and need to differentiate under the integral sign. By the Leibniz integral rule, the derivative is

$$\begin{eqnarray*} F^{\prime }(t) &=&\frac{\partial I}{\partial t}\frac{dt}{dt}+\frac{\partial I }{\partial v}\frac{dv}{dt}+\frac{\partial I}{\partial u}\frac{du}{dt} \\ &=&\int_{u(t)}^{v(t)}\frac{\partial f(x,t)}{\partial t}dx+f(v(t),t)v^{\prime }(t)-f(u(t),t)u^{\prime }(t). \end{eqnarray*}$$

Hence $$F^{\prime }(0)=\int_{u(0)}^{v(0)}\left. \frac{\partial f(x,t)}{\partial t} \right\vert _{t=0}dx+f(v(0),0)v^{\prime }(0)-f(u(0),0)u^{\prime }(0).$$

In the present case $$\begin{eqnarray*} u(t) &=&\sin t,\qquad u(0)=0 \\ u^{\prime }(t) &=&\cos t,\qquad u^{\prime }(0)=1 \\ v(t) &=&\cos t,\qquad v(0)=1 \\ v^{\prime }(t) &=&-\sin t,\qquad v^{\prime }(0)=0. \end{eqnarray*}$$

and $$\begin{eqnarray*} f(x,t) =e^{x^{2}+xt}, \qquad f(1,0) =e, \qquad f(0,0) =1. \end{eqnarray*}$$

So $$F^{\prime }(0)=\int_{0}^{1}\left. \frac{\partial f(x,t)}{\partial t} \right\vert _{t=0}dx+0-1$$

Since $$\left. \frac{\partial f(x,t)}{\partial t}\right\vert _{t=0}=\left. \frac{ \partial }{\partial t}e^{x^{2}+xt}\right\vert _{t=0}=xe^{x\left( x+t\right) }\vert _{t=0}=xe^{x^{2}}$$

and $$\int_{0}^{1}xe^{x^{2}}dx=\frac{1}{2}e-\frac{1}{2}$$

we finally get $$F^{\prime }(0)=\frac{1}{2}e-\frac{1}{2}-1=\frac{1}{2}e-\frac{3}{2}.$$

You find another example here.