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I've noticed that this comes up in physics quite a bit, with resistors and has a part in the lensmaker's equation. It also comes up in math with$$a\oplus b:=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}$$ $$\log_x(a)\oplus\log_y(a)=log_{xy}(a)$$Credit to 3Blue1Brown for that. It is also the main focus of the third Pythagorean mean.

My question is why is this piece of math so important but isn't usually seen as a thing on its own?

I also have no idea how to tag this, sorry.

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  • $\begingroup$ Related to this en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_mean $\endgroup$
    – David Quinn
    Jun 6, 2017 at 22:30
  • $\begingroup$ Is your log equation correct? $\endgroup$
    – Fimpellizzeri
    Jun 6, 2017 at 22:31
  • $\begingroup$ Wrong as stated. $\endgroup$
    – Robert Israel
    Jun 6, 2017 at 22:32
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    $\begingroup$ Related post, in turn inspring this one $\endgroup$
    – pjs36
    Jun 6, 2017 at 22:37
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    $\begingroup$ If a circuit has two resistors in parallel with conductances $a^{-1}$ and $b^{-1}$, then the conductance of the entire circuit is $a^{-1}+b^{-1}$. Apropos Doug M's answer, define John's slowness as the reciprocal of his speed, then his average slowness is the average of his slownesses going up and down the hill. $\endgroup$
    – user856
    Jun 6, 2017 at 23:32

4 Answers 4

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If $f:\mathbb{R}^+\to\mathbb{R}^+$ is a bijective function, we may define a strange sum between positive numbers as

$$ a\oplus b = f^{-1}(f(a)+f(b)) $$ (have a look at pullback / push forward), equipping $[0,+\infty)$ with an esotic semiring structure.
Does that have interesting applications? It might. The parametrization of varieties is a hot topic in algebraic geometry, for instance: the problem is often solved by showing the existence of a group structure on a geometric object. And in Euclidean geometry, the strange sum induced by $f(x)=\frac{1}{x}$ plays a major role in trapezoids:

enter image description here

As already mentioned, the strange sum induced by $f(x)=\frac{1}{x}$ also appears (by Kirchhoff's laws) in the formulas for the resistance of some resistors in parallel and for the capacitance of some capacitors in series.

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    $\begingroup$ "The parametrization of varieties is a hot topic in algebraic geometry, for instance." This statement could use a bit more elaboration on what the strange sum has to do with the parametrization of varieties, otherwise it looks like a non sequitur in relation to the preceding sentences. $\endgroup$
    – user856
    Jun 7, 2017 at 3:46
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Suppose John rides his bike up the hill at $5 km/h$ and down the hill at $10 km/h$, what is his average speed?

Time going up the hill and down the hill is variable, but the distances are equal, we take the reciprocals to find the times and average them together. Then we take the reciprocal of the result.

$s = \frac 1{\frac 12 (\frac 1{5} + \frac 1{10})}$

The formula comes up when working with ratios which exhibit this property.

Electrical resistance through a circuit uses a similar formula.

As does stock market price/ earnings ratios.

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Question: If it takes me $a$ hours to finish some job by myself, and if it takes you $b$ hours to finish that job by yourself, how many hours would it take for us to finish that job when working together?

(Assuming our working together does not positively or negatively effect our speed as compared to working by ourselves ... so think stuffing envelopes or something like that)

Answer: It will take us $\frac{1}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}$ hours

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It appears everywhere in Physics: Mesoscopic Currents, $\parallel$ resistors, Logistic Map, etc$\ldots$.

For $\parallel$ resistors: $$ x_{n + 1} = {rR \over r + R} = \overbrace{{r \over r + R}}^{\displaystyle x_{n}}\ \overbrace{{R \over r + R}}^{\displaystyle 1 - x_{n}}\ \overbrace{\left(r + R\right)}^{\mu}\ =\ \mu x_{n}\left(1 - x_{n}\right)\quad \mbox{which reminds us the}\ Logistic\ Map. $$

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