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The $\mathbb{Z}_2$ grading is easy enough to anticipate. Given an integer it is either even or odd. So, there's your grading. A one-form is odd. A two-form is even. Even elements commute with all other elements under the wedge product whereas the product of odd elements anticommute. All of this is plainly seen in:  \alpha \wedge \beta = (-1)^{pq} \beta ...

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That's correct! We say a form $\omega$ is closed if $d\omega = 0$, and we say that $\omega$ is exact if $\omega = d\eta$ for some form $\eta$. Your remark says, in this terminology, that every exact form is closed. However, the converse is not true: not every closed form is exact. (Here, I am referring to forms defined on our whole manifold - the Poincare ...

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That's precisely correct! See This wikipedia page on closed and exact forms for more details.

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There is. Let $\pi : \mathbb R^4\to \mathbb R^2$ be the projection to the $y_1, y_2$-plane and $i : \mathbb R^2 \to \mathbb R^4$ be $(y_1, y_2) \mapsto (0,0, y_1, y_2)$. Then your $P_{[dy_1,dy_2]}$ is $\pi^* \circ i^* = (i\circ\pi)^*$.

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