# All Questions

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### When might some a variable leave the basis?

In the simplex algorithm in linear programming, what are conditions for a variable to leave a basis (not necessarily basis for the/an optimal solution)? I'm supposed to list as many sufficient and ...
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### Find all integral solutions for the Diophantine Equations $x^4 - x^2y^2 + y^4 = z^2$ and $x^4 + x^2y^2 + y^4 = z^2$.

Find all integral solutions for the Diophantine Equations $$x^4 - x^2y^2 + y^4 = z^2$$ and $$x^4 + x^2y^2 + y^4 = z^2$$ I basically think that to solve these equations we need to use the fact ...
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### Proof of algebraic set involving dimension

I need some help to understand the following proof. Let $k$ a field and $V$ an algebraic set. I note $\mathfrak{m}_P$ the ideal generated by $X_1-a_1,\dots ,X_n-a_n$ in $k[V]=k[X_1,\dots ,X_n]/I(V)$ ...
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### Representation of a linear functional Lipschitz in total variation

Let $\Omega$ be a Borel space and let $\mathcal P(\Omega)$ be the space of all Borel probability measures on $\Omega$ endowed with the topology of weak convergence. Define the total variation metric ...
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### Optimizing value of discrete harmonic function at a given point

Let $n>0$, and let $S_n$ denote the discrete square $S_n=[|-n,n|]^2$ (so $S_n$ has $(2n+1)^2$ elements). Let $K_n$ denote the set of four corner points $\lbrace (\pm n,\pm n)\rbrace$, and ...
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### Splitting equilateral triangle into 5 equal parts

Is it possible to divide an equilateral triangle into 5 equal (i.e., obtainable from each other by a rigid motion) parts?
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### Which properties characterize $\sin, \cos$?

I know a few properties of $\sin$ and $\cos$, for example: $\sin^2+\cos^2=1$ $\sin (a+b) = \sin a\cos b+\cos a\sin b$. $\cos (a+b) = \cos a\cos b-\sin a\sin b$. $\sin (x+\delta) = \sin x$ for some ...
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### $R$ be a commutative ring with unity such that every surjective ring homomorphism $f:R\to R$ is injective , then is $R$ Noetherian?

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity such that every surjective ring homomorphism $f:R\to R$ is injective , then is $R$ a Noetherian ring ?
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### Integrating a probability density function that only depends on the norm

I have a probability density function $f$ on $\mathbb{R}^3$ which only depends on the norm of a vector (that is, it takes the same value for $x,y$ if their length is equal). Let me call a region of ...
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### Abstraction and Genaralization

This is a (bit funny) ultra-soft question regarded to a type of thinking that is puzzling me. Suppose $a(p_{1}, p_{2}, p_{3}, p_{4}, ... , p_{n}, Q)$ denote: from the items $p_{i}$, find a common ...
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### Which probability distribution(s) $f(x)$ allow for a closed form solution to $\int\left(x-a\right)^{-\gamma}f\left(x\right)dx$?

I'm trying to find if there is a specific probability distribution $f\left(x\right)$ (or many) such that the following integral $$\int\left(x-a\right)^{-\gamma}f\left(x\right)dx$$ has a closed form ...
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### Do non-second-countable spaces have “small” non-second-countable subspaces?

If $X$ is any space which is not second-countable, can one find a subspace $Y \subseteq X$ with $|Y| \leq \aleph_1$ which is also not second-countable? (Recall that a topological space $X$ is ...
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### Application of Jacobi's Theorem in Box Principle

Today I was going through Problem Solving Strategies by Arthur Engel, and found this in the chapter Box Principle Before the question it says it "treats a theorem of Jacobi and its applications" ...
### A better way of showing the set of all $m\times n$ matrix is an $R$ module.
Let $R$ be a ring and $m$ and $n$ be any positive integers. For any $a\in R$ and $A=(a_{ij})\in M_{m\times n}(R)$ define $aA=(aa_{ij})$. Then prove that $M_{m\times n}(R)$ is an $R$-module. Edited: ...