# Interesting Mathematical Fallacies [duplicate]

I recently volunteered to help with a summer math program at a local high school for which I thought would be a breeze. As it turns out, it isn't a program for those catching up (summer school) like I thought, it's a small group of kids that have strong math skills and seem to have an endless desire for knowledge. I have been able to keep them reasonably in check intellectually, but I'm nearing the end of my bag of tricks.

For better or worse, they love mathematical fallacies. Of course they were familiar with showing $0=1$ (all numbers equal all other numbers fallacy), and after I showed them $1=-1$ through complex numbers I was out of ideas. I knew of the, all triangles are isosceles triangles fallacy, but couldn't remember it at the time. Does anyone have any interesting fallacies that I can show them? Their math knowledge goes through most of calculus but fallacies outside of that are fine too.

If this is a ridiculous question, I apologize. I figured there were more fallacies out there than what I could find on wikipedia and a few of the other top search results.

Note: I have another 3 weeks with them so no major rush.

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## marked as duplicate by Start wearing purple, Grumpy Parsnip, Julian Kuelshammer, user88595, user7530Jun 27 '14 at 9:57

You could always cook something up by manipulating conditionally convergent series. – Bill Mance Jun 27 '14 at 7:34
Have a look at the fake-proofs tag math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/fake-proofs – Fabien Jun 27 '14 at 7:36
I hadn't known that was a tag, thanks. – Vincent Jun 27 '14 at 7:37
I did a search for fallacies and didn't see anything similar, I suppose I should have searched for 'fake proofs'. Thanks. – Vincent Jun 27 '14 at 7:40
See this and this, for example. – Start wearing purple Jun 27 '14 at 7:41

$$\int\frac{dx}{x}=\int(1)\Bigl (\frac{1}{x}\Bigr)\,dx=x\Bigl(\frac{1}{x}\Bigr)-\int x\Bigl(\frac{-1}{x^2}\Bigr)\,dx=1+\int\frac{dx}{x}\quad\hbox{so}\quad 0=1\ .$$

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You forgot $+C$ – LeeNeverGup Jun 27 '14 at 7:44
@Lee: Not true! This does remembers the $+C$: the fallacy is that the two appearances of the same antiderivative can still have different $C$'s! – Hurkyl Jun 27 '14 at 7:55

Consider the following image:

I've drawn two circles, and the two diagonal lines are the diameters of the circles.

The two angles in the skinny triangle are both right angles, because they are inscribed in a semicircle.

Practice misdrawing this figure before you try presenting this live: it wouldn't do to accidentally draw it correctly, nor to make it too obvious you're distorting things. (or more precisely, that the distortion makes a significant qualitative difference to the shape)

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It's too obvious you're disrtorting things, I'm afraid... – TonyK Jun 27 '14 at 8:05
@TonyK: Yeah; I've only ever been able to do this reasonably by hand. I have a terrible time doing it electronically. The medium is partially to blame: people have higher expectations from a computer drawing than a hand drawing. – Hurkyl Jun 27 '14 at 8:06
Then draw it, take a picture and scan it. That's totally okay too. – Pierre Arlaud Jun 27 '14 at 8:31

When I work with a particularly motivated group of students, I don't feel it's my responsibility to do all of the heavy lifting.

Encourage this group of kids to take what you've shown them and allow them to create their own fallacies and evaluate one another's work.

Have them sign up for their own Stack Exchange accounts. Then they'll have this resource to use when they go on to college.

If you're interested in growing as a teacher, I highly recommend you take about an hour to go through the following resources:

Watch Dan Meyer's 12-minute TED talk here: https://www.ted.com/talks/dan_meyer_math_curriculum_makeover

Then browse and play around with Dan Meyer's bank of 3-Act problems, here: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AjIqyKM9d7ZYdEhtR3BJMmdBWnM2YWxWYVM1UWowTEE#gid=0

You have an incredible opportunity. Your students will love being pushed and challenged to justify their mathematical reasoning. Good luck!

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