# What is the fibre product of these morphisms of schemes?

Let

$f\colon Y\rightarrow T$, $g\colon Y\rightarrow X$, $h\colon T\rightarrow S$, $i:X\rightarrow S$ be a cartesian diagram.

Then I have the diagonal morphism $\Delta\colon X \rightarrow X\times_SX$

and I also have a morphism $\phi\colon Y\times_TY \rightarrow X\times_SX$, given in natural way by the above data.

My question: what is the fibre product of $\Delta$ and $\phi$?

Is it just $\Delta\colon Y\rightarrow Y\times_TY$, the diagonal morphism of $Y$?

And another problem I have is: one can also consider $Y\times_SY$. Does this make a difference and what would I get then as fibre product of $\Delta$ and $\phi' Y\times_SY \rightarrow X\times_SX$?

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$Y = T\times_S X$, $Y\times_T Y = T\times_S X \times_T T\times_S X = T \times_S (X \times_S X)$, $T\times_S (X \times_S X) \times_{(X \times_S X)} X = T \times_S X$. makes sense? –  Jacob Bell Nov 14 '11 at 22:24
Dear donkey kong, I agree with you. I was typing my answer before seeing your comments. –  user18119 Nov 14 '11 at 22:36
Dear QiL, I've learned so much from your book that it is an honour for me that you typed up the same answer. –  Jacob Bell Nov 15 '11 at 13:48

## 1 Answer

So $Y=X\times_S T$. Then $$Y\times_T Y \simeq (X\times_S T)\times_T (T\times_S X)\simeq X\times_S T \times_S X\simeq (X\times_S X)\times_S T.$$ Let $Z=X\times_S X$. Then $\phi$ can be identified with the projection $q: Z\times_S T\to Z$. Now for any morphism $r: X\to Z$, the fiber product of $q$ and $r$ is just $X\times_S T$. Similarly for $\phi$'.

There are a lot of (canonical) identifications in the above arguments. It should also be possible to use a functorial point of vue by considering the sections of these scheme over an arbitrary $S$-scheme.

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dear QiL, what do you mean by a `functioral POV'? after all, using Yoneda will simply transform these fibre products to fibre products of sets (and your answer only used formal properties of them) –  Jacob Bell Nov 14 '11 at 23:05
Yes, this is what I meant functorial (the functor of points). –  user18119 Nov 14 '11 at 23:08