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If $z=\int_0^x \sin(x-s)f(s) \, \mathrm ds$ can anyone explain to me how you would compute $z'=\frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dx}\int_0^x \sin(x-s)f(s) \, \mathrm ds$ Or in general $z'=\frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dx}\int_0^x \! f(s,x) \, \mathrm ds$? Thanks! I considering using Leibniz's rule, but I don't know if it can be applied to this situation. |
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Looking at the wikipedia page of differentiation under the integral sign, you set $a(x) = 0$, $b(x) = x$ and $f(x, s) = \sin(x-s) f(s)$. Alternatively, consider $z(x) = \int_0^x \sin(x-s) f(s) \mathrm{d} s$, and think of $z(x+ \delta x)-z(x)$: $$ \begin{eqnarray} z(x+ \delta x)-z(x) &=& \int_0^{x+\delta x} \sin(x+\delta x-s) f(s) \mathrm{d} s - \int_0^x \sin(x-s) f(s) \mathrm{d} s \\ &=& \int_0^{x+\delta x} \sin(x+\delta x-s) f(s) \mathrm{d} s - \int_0^x \sin(x+\delta x-s) f(s) \mathrm{d} s + \\&& \int_0^x \sin(x+\delta x-s) f(s) \mathrm{d} s - \int_0^x \sin(x-s) f(s) \mathrm{d} s \\ &=& \int_{x}^{x+\delta x} \sin(x+\delta x-s) f(s) \mathrm{d} s + \int_0^x \left( \sin(x+\delta x -s) - \sin(x-s) \right) f(s) \mathrm{d} s \\ &\sim& \delta x \left( \sin(\delta x) f(x) + \int_0^x \cos(x-s) f(s) \right) \end{eqnarray} $$ In the limit $\lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{z(x+\delta x)-z(x)}{\delta x}$ the first term becomes zero, and you are get the answer: $$ z^\prime(x) = \int_0^x \cos(x-s) f(s) \mathrm{d} s $$ |
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