# How find this integral $\int\frac{\sqrt{x-1}\arctan{(x\sqrt{x-1})}}{x}dx$

Find this integral $$\int\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}\arctan{(x\sqrt{x-1})}}{x}dx$$

My try: let $$\arctan{(x\sqrt{x-1})}=t$$ and that's very ugly,Thank you

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Mathematica can't find a primitive at all. –  Lucian Dec 2 '13 at 10:09
I would really like to learn how to compute this antiderivative ! –  Claude Leibovici Dec 2 '13 at 10:13

$\because$ according to http://integrals.wolfram.com/index.jsp?expr=%28x-1%29%5E%281%2F2%29%2Fx&random=false, $\int\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}dx=2\sqrt{x-1}-2\tan^{-1}\sqrt{x-1}+C$

$\therefore\int\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}\tan^{-1}(x\sqrt{x-1})}{x}dx$

$=\int\tan^{-1}(x\sqrt{x-1})~d(2\sqrt{x-1}-2\tan^{-1}\sqrt{x-1})$

$=(2\sqrt{x-1}-2\tan^{-1}\sqrt{x-1})\tan^{-1}(x\sqrt{x-1})-\int(2\sqrt{x-1}-2\tan^{-1}\sqrt{x-1})~d(\tan^{-1}(x\sqrt{x-1}))$

$\because$ according to http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=d%2Fdx%28arctan%28x%28x-1%29%5E%281%2F2%29%29%29, $\dfrac{d}{dx}(\tan^{-1}(x\sqrt{x-1}))=\dfrac{3x-2}{2\sqrt{x-1}(x^3-x^2+1)}$

$\therefore(2\sqrt{x-1}-2\tan^{-1}\sqrt{x-1})\tan^{-1}(x\sqrt{x-1})-\int(2\sqrt{x-1}-2\tan^{-1}\sqrt{x-1})~d(\tan^{-1}(x\sqrt{x-1}))$

$=2\sqrt{x-1}\tan^{-1}(x\sqrt{x-1})-2\tan^{-1}\sqrt{x-1}\tan^{-1}(x\sqrt{x-1})-\int(2\sqrt{x-1}-2\tan^{-1}\sqrt{x-1})\dfrac{3x-2}{2\sqrt{x-1}(x^3-x^2+1)}dx$

$=2\sqrt{x-1}\tan^{-1}(x\sqrt{x-1})-2\tan^{-1}\sqrt{x-1}\tan^{-1}(x\sqrt{x-1})-\int\dfrac{3x-2}{x^3-x^2+1}dx+\int\dfrac{(3x-2)\tan^{-1}\sqrt{x-1}}{\sqrt{x-1}(x^3-x^2+1)}dx$

$\int\dfrac{3x-2}{x^3-x^2+1}dx$ is just an integral of rational functions and should have close form.

For $\int\dfrac{(3x-2)\tan^{-1}\sqrt{x-1}}{\sqrt{x-1}(x^3-x^2+1)}dx$ ,

Let $u=\sqrt{x-1}$ ,

Then $x=u^2+1$

$dx=2u~du$

$\therefore\int\dfrac{(3x-2)\tan^{-1}\sqrt{x-1}}{\sqrt{x-1}(x^3-x^2+1)}dx$

$=\int\dfrac{2(3u^2+1)\tan^{-1}u}{(u^2+1)^3-(u^2+1)^2+1}du$

Then you can separate it to the terms of $\int\dfrac{\tan^{-1}u}{au+b}du$ or $\int\dfrac{\tan^{-1}u}{pu^2+qu+r}du$ by partial fraction. According to http://pi.physik.uni-bonn.de/~dieckman/IntegralsIndefinite/IndefInt.html, they relate to the polylogarithm function.

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this is unreadable –  Norbert Dec 5 '13 at 17:06
Even that integral of rational function is not elementary, so (-1) –  Norbert Dec 5 '13 at 17:15
@Norbert: I don't agree with you. For partial fraction using in integration, it is not a must to factorize in $\mathbb{Q}$ , factorize in $\mathbb{R}$ or even in $\mathbb{C}$ is also allowed. The downvotes should be unreasonable. –  Harry Peter Dec 9 '13 at 14:15
Then please provide us with explicit formula for the antiderivative –  Norbert Dec 9 '13 at 14:41