# Tirgo problem knowing roots are given find the value of : $\sin^2(\alpha +\beta) +p\sin(\alpha +\beta) \cos(\alpha +\beta)+q\cos^2(\alpha +\beta)$

Question :

Knowing that $\tan\alpha$ , $\tan\beta$ are roots of the quadratic equation $x^2+px+q=0$ ;

Compute the expression $\sin^2(\alpha +\beta) +p\sin(\alpha +\beta) \cos(\alpha +\beta)+q\cos^2(\alpha +\beta$)

My Working :

Sum of the roots are : $\tan\alpha +\tan\beta = -p;$ product of the roots $\tan\alpha \tan\beta = q;$

After putting these values of roots in the given equation I got :

$x^2-(\tan\alpha + \tan\beta) x + ( \tan\alpha \tan\beta) =0$

Please suggest whether is it correct method of approaching this or some other better method. Thanks..

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Why do you have that last $q$ in your equation? You could just write $(x - \tan \alpha)(x - \tan \beta)$ and then multiply out to figure out $p$ and $q$. Make sense? Did you mean to have an $x^2$ in the expression to compute? –  Amzoti Jul 8 '13 at 17:29
Look at the formula for $\tan(\alpha+\beta)$. –  Mlazhinka Shung Gronzalez LeWy Jul 8 '13 at 17:29

We have $-(\tan\alpha +\tan \beta) = p$ and $\tan\alpha\tan\beta=q$.

Note that $\tan(\alpha+\beta)=\dfrac{\tan\alpha+\tan\beta}{1-q}$ and thus $p = -\tan(\alpha+\beta)(1-q)$.

Substitute this for $p$ to obtain,

$\sin^2(\alpha +\beta) -\tan(\alpha+\beta)(1-q)\sin(\alpha +\beta) \cos(\alpha +\beta)+q\cos^2(\alpha +\beta)$

or $\sin^2(\alpha +\beta) -(1-q)\sin^2(\alpha +\beta) +q\cos^2(\alpha +\beta)$

= $q\sin^2(\alpha +\beta) +q\cos^2(\alpha +\beta) = q$

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NIce minimalist calcultion. –  André Nicolas Jul 8 '13 at 17:54

Here goes ugly.

Note that $$\tan(\alpha+\beta)=\frac{\tan\alpha+\tan\beta}{1-\tan\alpha\tan\beta}=-\frac{p}{1-q}.$$

Multiply and divide the expression we were given by $\cos^2(\alpha+\beta)$. We get $$\cos^2(\alpha+\beta)\left(\tan^2(\alpha+\beta)+p\tan(\alpha+\beta)+q\right).$$

Almost finished, since $\cos^2(\alpha+\beta)=\frac{1}{\tan^2(\alpha+\beta)+1}$.

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@DonAntonio: Thanks for the TeX fix. –  André Nicolas Jul 8 '13 at 17:40

Hints and ideas:

$$1+\tan^2x=\frac1{\cos^2x}\;,\;\;1+\cot^2x=\frac1{\sin^2x}$$

$$\tan(x+y)=\frac{\tan x+\tan y}{1-\tan x\tan y}$$

Thus, for example:

$$\sin^2(\alpha+\beta)=\frac1{1+\cot^2(\alpha+\beta)}=\frac1{1+\left(\frac{1-\tan\alpha\tan\beta}{\tan\alpha+\tan\beta}\right)^2}=\frac{(\tan\alpha+\tan\beta)^2}{(\tan^2\alpha+1)(\tan^2\beta+1)}\ldots$$

and etc.

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