# Find $\lim\limits_{n \rightarrow \infty}\dfrac{\sin 1+2\sin \frac{1}{2}+\cdots+n\sin \frac{1}{n}}{n}$

Find$$\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty}\frac{\sin 1+2\sin \frac{1}{2}+\cdots+n\sin \frac{1}{n}}{n}.$$

This is a recent exam question, which I couldn't figure out in the exam. My guess is it doesn't exist.

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That is a neat exam question :) – Dominic Michaelis May 13 '13 at 5:46

## 4 Answers

For small $|x|$ we have $\sin(x)\approx x$. Hence $i \cdot \sin\frac{1}{i} \approx 1$ for big values of $i$. Hence $\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n i\cdot \sin\frac{1}{i} }{n}\approx \frac{n}{n}=1$

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Thanks. Seems so easy now. Should have figured it out. – Uma kant May 13 '13 at 5:46
I also thought of that, but even if it is intuitive I don't think it's really rigorous.. Could you provide a more detalied answer? – Ant Nov 14 '13 at 17:39
@ant think of the power series of $\sin$, due to taylor we know $\sin(x)=x-\frac{\xi^3}{6}$ where $\xi\in (-x,x)$ – Dominic Michaelis Nov 14 '13 at 19:19
I meant, you substitute $i \cdot \sin{\frac{1}{i}}$ with 1 for every i, but that only works for "big enough" i... isn't this something to take into consideration? – Ant Nov 14 '13 at 19:44
@Ant nope because of taylor we can write it as $$\sum_{i=1}^n i \cdot \sin\left( \frac{1}{i}\right) = \sum_{i=1}^n i \cdot \left( \frac{1}{i} -\frac{1}{\xi^3}\right) = \sum_{i=1}^n 1- \frac{i}{6 \cdot \xi^3}$$ And hence $$\sum_{i=1}^n i \cdot \sin\left( \frac{1}{i}\right) > \sum_{i=1}^n 1- \frac{1}{6 i^2}$$ – Dominic Michaelis Nov 15 '13 at 6:08

Another more general approach:

$$a_n\xrightarrow[n\to\infty]{} a\implies \frac{a_1+...+a_n}n\xrightarrow[n\to\infty]{}a$$

And since

$$\lim_{n\to\infty}\,n\,\sin\frac1n=\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{\sin\frac1n}{\frac1n}=1\;\;\ldots\ldots$$

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(+1) Very nice. – BU982T May 13 '13 at 7:55
Really Don $+1$ – La Belle Noiseuse May 16 '13 at 15:32
These are the so called Cesaro averages. If a series converges the Cesaro averages converge to the same value. – Georgy Nov 23 at 16:07

Start by writing it in summation form. That is,

$$\lim_{n\to\infty} \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{i\sin(1/i)}{n}$$ Now, $\sin(1/i)<1/i$ for $i\in\mathbb{N}$. Furthermore, $\sin(1/i)>\frac1i-\frac1{6i^3}$ for $i\in\mathbb{N}$. Now, we squeeze the result by noting that $$\lim_{n\to\infty} \sum_{i=1}^n \frac1n = 1$$ and $$\lim_{n\to\infty} \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1-\frac1{6i^2}}n = \lim_{n\to\infty} \sum_{i=1}^n \frac1n-\frac1{6i^2n} = 1$$ Therefore, we have that $$\lim_{n\to\infty} \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{i\sin(1/i)}{n}=1$$

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Because $\sin(x)=x-\frac{x^3}6+O(x^5)$, and so $\sin(x)/x = 1-\frac{x^2}6+O(x^4)$. – Glen O May 13 '13 at 5:48
Nevermind I didn't read carefully enough – Starlight May 13 '13 at 6:15
@Wishingwell the dummy variable is $i$ and not $n$. $n$ is a constant in the expression. – Milind May 13 '13 at 6:17
@Wishingwell : $$\sum_{i=1}^n\frac1n=\frac1n\sum_{i=1}^n1=\frac1n\cdot n=1$$ – DonAntonio May 13 '13 at 6:20

Or we can use Stolz–Cesàro theorem to find that $$\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty}\frac{\sin 1+2\sin \frac{1}{2}+\cdots+n\sin \frac{1}{n}}{n}=\lim_{n\to \infty}\frac{(n+1)\sin {\frac{1}{n+1}}}{1}=1.$$

This is similar with @DonAntonio's solution.

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