# Prove that $\int_{0}^{1}{f^{2}(x)dx}\leq \frac{4}{3}\left(\int_{0}^{1}{f(x)dx}\right)^2$

Let $f(x)$ be a concave nonnegative function on $[0,1]$ Prove that

$$\displaystyle \int\limits_{0}^{1}{f^{2}(x)dx}\leq \frac{4}{3}\left(\int\limits_{0}^{1}{f(x)dx}\right)^2$$

My friend tian_275461 told me we even have the general result

Let $f(x)$ be a concave nonnegative function on $[a,b]$,If $p>1$ $$\frac{2^{p}}{p+1}\left(\frac{1}{b-a}\int\limits_{a}^{b}{f(x)dx}\right)^{p}\geq \frac{1}{b-a}\int\limits_{a}^{b}{f^{p}(x)dx}$$ If $0<p<1$,the reverse inequality holds.

I don't know how to deal with such function which is concave.

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Please avoid using \displaystyle in the title. –  Asaf Karagila Mar 9 '13 at 2:29
I see,thanks @AsafKaragila –  pxchg1200 Mar 9 '13 at 2:34
Is there a power of $p$ missing for $f$ on the RHS of the more general inequality? –  L. F. Mar 9 '13 at 2:59
@L.F. Oh,you are right, I have edited it. :D –  pxchg1200 Mar 9 '13 at 3:07
This is the so called Barnes-Godunova-Levin Inequality.rgmia.org/papers/v12n2/SetOzDr.pdf –  Yimin Mar 9 '13 at 5:40

Well,my friend found a proof in case $a=0,b=1$,I think this method can be used in this original inequality.
With out loss of generally,we consider the case $f(0)=f(1)=0$,and $f(x)$ has order continuous derivative,Therefore $$f''(x)\leq 0$$ Thus $$f(x)=-\int_{0}^{1}{K(x,t)f''(t)dt}$$ Where $K(x,t)$ is Green function. $$K(x,t)=\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} t(1-x)  & \hbox{0\leq t\le x\le 1} \\ x(1-t) & \hbox{0\leq x\le t\le 1} \end{array} \right.$$ Then by Minkowski inequality,we have \begin{align} \left(\int_{0}^{1}{f^{p}(x)dx}\right)^{\frac{1}{p}}&=\left(\int_{0}^{1}{\left(\int_{0}^{1}{K(x,t)(-f''(t))dt}\right)^{p}dx }\right)^{\frac{1}{p}}\\ &\leq \int_{0}^{1}{\left(\int_{0}^{1}{K^{p}(x,t)(-f''(t))^{p}dx}\right)dt}\\ &=\frac{1}{(p+1)^{\frac{1}{p}}}\int_{0}^{1}{t(1-t)|f''(t)|dt} \end{align} On the other hand \begin{align} \int_{0}^{1}{f(x)dx}&=-\int_{0}^{1}{\int_{0}^{1}{K(x,t)f''(t)dt} dx}\\ &=-\int_{0}^{1}{\int_{0}^{1}{K(x,t)f''(t)dx} dt}\\ &=-\frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{1}{t(1-t)f''(t)dt} \end{align} Therefore $$\int_{0}^{1}{f^{p}(x)dx}\leq \frac{2^p}{p+1}\left(\int_{0}^{1}{f(x)dx}\right)^p$$