# Calculating an almost Gamma integral

How would you proof that $$I:=\int_{0}^{\infty}\frac{z^{x-1}}{e^{z}+1}dz=\left(1-2^{1-x}\right)\Gamma(x)\zeta(x)$$ I can rewrite the integral as $$I=\int_{0}^{\infty}z^{x-1}e^{-z}\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^{n}e^{-nz}dz$$ but then I get stuck. Can you help me?

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Integrate term by term. You should recognize $\left(1-2^{1-x}\right)\zeta(x)$ as $\sum_n (-1)^{n+1}n^{-x}$. –  stopple Mar 1 '13 at 0:03
(Interchange the order of summation and integration.) –  anon Mar 1 '13 at 0:26
–  Mhenni Benghorbal Mar 1 '13 at 1:01

It turns out that it's not so hard. I already had $$I=\int_{0}^{\infty}z^{x-1}e^{-z}\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^{n}e^{-nz}dz,$$ so, interchanging the summation and integration like @anon says: (actually I don't know what criteria am I using but it results that: ) $$I=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^{n}\int_{0}^{\infty}z^{x-1}e^{-(n+1)z}dz.$$ Now, like @Mhenni Benghorbal suggested, let $y:=(n+1)z$, then $$I=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^{n}\int_{0}^{\infty}\left(\frac{y}{n+1}\right)^{x-1}e^{-y}\frac{1}{n+1}dy=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{n}}{\left(n+1\right)^{x}}\int_{0}^{\infty}y^{x-1}e^{-y}dy,$$ or $$I=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{n-1}}{n^{x}}\Gamma(x).$$ But, separating the even and odd powers we have $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{n-1}}{n^{x}}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{2n-2}}{(2n-1)^{x}}+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{2n-1}}{(2n)^{x}}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{(2n-1)^{x}}-\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{(2n)^{x}},$$ and using the fact that: (separating the even and odd powers) $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^{x}}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{(2n-1)^{x}}+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{(2n)^{x}},$$ then $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{n-1}}{n^{x}} = \left[\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^{x}}-\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{(2n)^{x}}\right]-\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{(2n)^{x}},$$ or $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{n-1}}{n^{x}}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^{x}}-2^{1-x}\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^{x}}=\left(1-2^{1-x}\right)\zeta(x),$$ and finally $$I=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{n-1}}{n^{x}}\Gamma(x)=\left(1-2^{1-x}\right)\zeta(x)\Gamma(x).$$