# Prove an integral limit

Let $F(x),G(x)\ge 0$ be decreasing functions on $[0,+\infty)$ and $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to+\infty}x(F(x)+G(x))=0$

(1) Prove that: $\forall\varepsilon>0,\displaystyle\lim_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\displaystyle\int_{\varepsilon}^{+\infty}xF(xt)\cos{t}dt=0$

(2) And have $\displaystyle\lim_{n\to+\infty}\displaystyle\int_{0}^{+\infty}(F(t)-G(t))\cos{\dfrac{t}{n}}dt=0$ prove that: $$\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}\displaystyle\int_{0}^{\infty}(F(t)-G(t))\cos{(xt)}dt=0$$

the simple problem you can see.

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Are you sure everything is correct, without typo? For instance, in (1), the integral is $0$ for every value of $x$? Are you sure it is not a limit? –  julien Feb 20 at 3:43
I've checked your link. You do miss a limit. I'll edit if you don't mind. –  julien Feb 20 at 3:50
Sorry but what does "and have" mean? I think you have to prove the limit in $n$ first, and then deduce the one in $x$. –  julien Feb 20 at 3:54
sorry, I have edit,Thank you –  math110 Feb 20 at 3:54
mean this :Let $F(x),G(x)\ge 0$ be decreasing functions on $[0,+\infty)$ and $\displaystyle\lim_{x\to+\infty}x(F(x)+G(x))=0$ and $\displaystyle\lim_{n\to+\infty}\displaystyle\int_{0}^{+\infty}(F(t)-G(t))\cos{\‌​dfrac{t}{n}}dt=0$ prove that: $$\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 0}\displaystyle\int_{0}^{\infty}(F(t)-G(t))\cos{(xt)}dt=0$$ –  math110 Feb 20 at 3:57

For (a):

For each $\newcommand\abs[1]{\left\lvert#1\right\rvert}a>0$, we'd prove that $$\lim_{x\to+\infty}\int_a^\infty xF(xt)\cos tdt=0$$ (as Macavity has suggested, the improper integral converges out of Dirichlet's test).

Fix $x>0$, take arbitrary $A>a$, we have (by mean value theorem) $$\int_a^AF(xt)\cos tdt=F(ax)\int_a^c\cos tdt+F(Ax)\int_c^A\cos tdt$$ where $c\in[a,A]$.

Therefore $$\abs{\int_a^AF(xt)\cos tdt}\le 2F(ax)\int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2}\cos tdt$$ for all $A>a$, thus $$\int_a^\infty F(xt)\cos tdt=o\left(\frac1x\right)\qquad x\to+\infty$$

For (b):

We need to show that $$\lim_{x\to+\infty}x\int_0^{\pi/2}(F(xu)-G(xu))\cos udu=0\tag{*}$$ given that $$\lim_{n\to\infty}n\int_0^{\pi/2}(F(nu)-G(nu))\cos udu=0\tag1$$ (for the virtue of (a), we could replace $\int_0^\infty$ by $\int_0^{\pi/2}$)

Suppose $n\le x<n+1$, we write $$x(F(xu)-G(xu))=\frac xnn(F(nu)-G(nu))-x(F(nu)-F(xu))+x(G(nu)-G(xu))\tag2$$

By (*), we have $$\lim_{x\to+\infty}\frac xn\cdot n\int_0^{\pi/2}(F(nu)-G(nu))\cos udu=0\tag3$$

The second term could be split into two parts $$0\le x(F(nu)-F(xu))=(x-n)F(nu)+(nF(nu)-xF(xu))\le F(nu)+(nF(nu)-xF(xu))$$

Since $zF(z)\to0$ as $z\to+\infty$, we choose $\Delta>0$ such that $F(z)\le1/z$ whenever $z\ge\Delta$, therefore $$\int_0^{\pi/2}F(nu)\cos udu=\int_0^{\Delta/n}+\int_{\Delta/n}^{\pi/2}$$ where $$\int_0^{\Delta/n}\le F(0)\int_0^{\Delta/n}\cos udu\to0$$ as $x\to+\infty$ and $$\int_{\Delta/n}^{\pi/2}\le\frac1n\int_{\Delta/n}^{\pi/2}\frac{\cos u}udu\le\frac1n\int_{\Delta/n}^{\pi/2}\frac{du}u=O\left(\frac{\ln n}n\right)\to0$$

Rewrite $$\int_0^{\pi/2}(nF(nu)-xF(xu))\cos udu=\int_0^{n\pi/2}F(v)\left(\cos\frac vn-\cos\frac vx\right)dv-\int_{n\pi/2}^{x\pi/2}F(v)\cos\frac vxdv$$

Note that $$0\le-\int_0^{n\pi/2}\le 2F(0)\int_0^{n\pi/2}\sin\frac12\left(\frac vn-\frac vx\right)=O\left(\frac1x\right)$$

and $$\int_{n\pi/2}^{x\pi/2}\le\frac{(x-n)\pi}2F(n\pi/2)\to0$$

Hence $$\int_0^{\pi/2}x(F(nu)-F(xu))\cos udu\to0\tag4$$

Similarly, $$\int_0^{\pi/2}x(F(nu)-F(xu))\cos udu\to0\tag5$$

(*) follows from (2),(3),(4),(5).

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Thank you very much.it's very nice –  math110 May 4 at 17:24
Given $F(x), G(x) \ge 0$ and $\displaystyle \lim_{x\to \infty} {x \left(F(x)+G(x)\right)} = 0 \implies \displaystyle \lim_{x\to \infty} {x F(x)} = 0 \implies \displaystyle \lim_{x\to \infty} {F(x)} = 0$.
Also as $\displaystyle \int_{\epsilon}^z {\cos(t) dt} = \sin(z) - \sin(\epsilon)$ is bounded $\forall z >0$, we have $\displaystyle \int_{\epsilon}^{\infty} {F(xt) \cdot \cos(t) dt}$ is convergent by the Dirichlet test for any given $x > 0$.
Given that the improper integral converges, $\displaystyle \lim_{x\to \infty} {x F(x)} = 0 \implies \lim_{x \to \infty} {{x F(xt) \cos(t)}} = 0 \quad \forall t >0 \implies \lim_{x \to \infty} {\int_{\epsilon}^{\infty} {x F(xt) \cos(t) dt}} = 0$. This proves (1).
For (2): I assume we are given $\displaystyle\lim_{n\to\infty}\displaystyle\int_{0}^{\infty}\left(F(t)-G(t)\right)\cdot \cos\left(\dfrac{t}{n}\right)dt=0$ and need to prove the result. This seems easy using $x = \dfrac{1}{n}$, unless I miss something.