Determine if a language is regular from the first sight

Question

Is there a way to guess if a language is regular from the first sight? I.e. in order to choose proof methods, I have to have some hypothesis at first. Do you know any hints/patterns?

I need this to reduce time consumption: for instance, in order not to spend time on pumping lemma/Myhill–Nerode theorem, when in fact the language IS regular and I need to construct DFA/grammar.

The language is expressed as a set of all its words possible. For example:

$$ L = \left\{ {(0)^{2n}(10)^{3k+1}1^m }, n, k, m ≥ 0 \right\}, \Sigma = \left\{{0,1}\right\} $$

Answer 1

One simple criterion that works in many cases is that if you see only linear functions in the exponents (like $2n$, $3k+1$, $m$ in your formula), and no variable appears more than once in the exponents, then the language is regular. This is because a language like $\{ 0^{2n} : n \ge 0\}$ corresponds to the regular expression $(00)^*$. A rigorous proof of this rule (which also needs to be stated more precisely before it can be proved) uses closure properties of regular languages, which you should also know.

Answer 2

Imagine that you’re reading a word one symbol at a time. How much do you have to remember as you go along in order to decide whether the word is in the language? Is that amount bounded, or can it be arbitrarily large (as with the language of words of the form $0^n1^n$, for instance). If it’s bounded, you have a regular language. If it appears not to be bounded, you probably don’t have a regular language, though the impression that it’s unbounded may of course have been wrong.