# Evaluate $\int_0^1{\frac{y}{\sqrt{y(1-y)}}dy}$

I'm a little rusty with my integrals, how may I evaluate the following:

$$\int_0^1{\frac{y}{\sqrt{y(1-y)}}dy}$$

I've tried:

$$\int_0^1{\frac{y}{\sqrt{y(1-y)}}dy} = \int_0^1{\sqrt{\frac{y}{1-y}} dy}$$

Make the substitution z = 1-y

$$= \int_0^1{\sqrt{\frac{1-z}{z}} dz} = \int_0^1{\sqrt{\frac{1}{z} - 1} dz}$$

Which seems simpler but I have not managed to evaluate it. All help appreciated (just a few pointers would be appreciated just as much as the full solution).

Thank you

EDIT:

Solution following Ng Hong Wai suggestion:

At $$\int_0^1{\sqrt{\frac{y}{1-y}} dy}$$

We make the substitution $y = sin^2(\theta)$, so $dy = 2sin(\theta)cos(\theta)d\theta$. This results in:

$$\int_0^\frac{\pi}{2}{2 sin^2(\theta)d\theta} = \int_0^\frac{\pi}{2}{[1-cos(2\theta)]d\theta} = [x-\frac{1}{2}sin(2\theta)]_0^\frac{\pi}{2} = \frac{\pi}{2}$$

Solution according to M. Strochyk's suggestion:

$$\int_0^1{\sqrt{\frac{y}{1-y}} dy} = 2 \int_0^\infty{\frac{u^2}{(1+u^2)^2}du}$$

By decomposing into partial fractions this becomes:

$$2 \int_0^\infty{\frac{1}{1+u^2}du} - 2 \int_0^\infty{\frac{1}{(1+u^2)^2}du}$$

The first term integrates directly to $arctan(u)$ while the second can be evaluated by making the substitution $u=tan(x)$ and then applying the double-angle formula for cosine. The result is (unsurprisingly):

$$2[arctan[u]]_0^\infty -[x + \frac{1}{2}sin(2x)]_0^\frac{\pi}{2} = \frac{\pi}{2}$$

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Complete the square? –  Jyrki Lahtonen Jan 7 '13 at 15:41

At $$\int_{0}^{1}{\sqrt{\frac{y}{1-y}}}dy$$ , you can use substitution $y=sin^2\theta$

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Am I correct in saying that I could not use this substitution if my limits of integration went outside of [0, 1]? –  Amos Joshua Jan 9 '13 at 9:54
@AmosJoshua : yes –  Idonknow Jan 9 '13 at 9:57
Thank you very much –  Amos Joshua Jan 9 '13 at 10:03

Substitute $u=\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{1-y}}.$ Then $$\dfrac{y}{1-y}=\dfrac{y-1+1}{1-y}=-1+\dfrac{1}{1-y}=u^2, \\ ( {0}< {y} <{1} \Leftrightarrow {0}< {u}<{+\infty}),\\ \dfrac{1}{1-y}=1+u^2, \\ 1-y=\dfrac{1}{1+u^2}, \\ y=1-\dfrac{1}{1+u^2}, \\ dy=\dfrac{2u}{(1+u^2)^2}\, du,$$ so $$\int\limits_0^1{\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{1-y}} dy}=\int\limits_0^{+\infty}{\dfrac{2u^2}{(1+u^2)^2}}\, du=2\int\limits_0^{+\infty}{\dfrac{u^2}{(1+u^2)^2}}\, du$$ Last integral can be calculated by decomposition into partial fractions.

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A little more work but thank you for this suggestion as well, I was just as rusty with partial fractions –  Amos Joshua Jan 9 '13 at 10:14

By using beta function $$\int_0^1{\frac{y}{\sqrt{y(1-y)}}dy}=B(3/2,1/2)=\frac{\Gamma(3/2)\Gamma(1/2)}{\Gamma(3/2+1/2)}=\frac{\Gamma^2(1/2)}{2}=\frac{\pi}{2}$$

Q.E.D.

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