$$\langle 12\rangle=\{0,12,24,36\}\;\;,\;\;\langle 3\rangle =\{0,3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45\}\Longrightarrow$$
$$\left|\langle 12\rangle/\{0\}\right|=\left|\langle 12\rangle\right|=4\,\,,\,\,\left|\langle 3\rangle/\langle 12\rangle\right|=\frac{16}{4}=4\,\,\,,\,\,\left|\Bbb Z_{48}/\langle 3\rangle\right| = 3$$
and, of course, everything's cyclic above , so for example of refinement we can take
$$\{0\}\triangleleft \langle 12\rangle\triangleleft\langle 6\rangle\triangleleft\langle 3\rangle\triangleleft\Bbb Z_{48}$$
The calculation of the orders above was to make things easier.
You try now to find another refinement with isomorphic factors as the last one...can you see where "to stick" a subgroup in between the original series?