# Properties of pointwise convergence on $\mathbb{R}$ translating to any measurable set $E$.

Let $\{f_n\}$ be a sequence of nonnegative measurable function on $\mathbb{R}$ that converges pointwise on $\mathbb{R}$ to $f$ and $f$ is integrable over $\mathbb{R}$. Show that if $\int_\mathbb{R} f = \lim\limits_{n \to \infty} \int_\mathbb{R} f_n$, then $\int_E f = \lim\limits_{n \to \infty} \int_E f_n$ for any measurable set $E$.

While I was reading this problem my first reaction was Fatou's lemma, however we have "$=$" and not "$\leq$".

I'm not sure what heavy machinery I could throw at this.

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We will show that actually, we have convergence in $L^1$.

• We can assume that $\int_{\Bbb R}f=\int_{\Bbb R}f_n=1$ for all $n$.
• Fix $\varepsilon>0$. Let $A$ of finite measure such that $\int_{\Bbb R\setminus A}f\leqslant \varepsilon$ and $\sup_{x\in A}|f_n(x)-f(x)|\to 0$. To get such a set, first fix $B$ of finite measure such that $\int_B fd\lambda\leqslant \varepsilon$. Let $\delta$ such that if $\mu(S)<\delta$ then $\int_S fd\lambda<\varepsilon$ (using again integrability of $f$).

By Egoroff's theorem, let $A\subset B$ such that $\mu(B\setminus A)<\delta$ and there is convergence of $\{f_n\}$ uniformly on $A$. Then $\int_{\Bbb R\setminus A}fd\lambda\leqslant 2\varepsilon$.

• We can find $n_1$ such that for $n\geqslant n_1$, $\int_{X\setminus A}f_nd\lambda\leqslant 2\varepsilon$. Indeed, we have $$\int_{X\setminus A}f_nd\lambda=1-\int_Af_nd\lambda\leqslant 1+\mu(A)\sup_{x\in A}|f_n(x)-f(x)|-\int_Afd\lambda\\ \leqslant\varepsilon+\mu(A)\sup_{x\in A}|f_n(x)-f(x)|.$$
• We conclude. For $n\geqslant n_1$, \begin{align} \int_{\Bbb R}|f-f_n|d\lambda&=\int_A|f-f_n|d\lambda+\int_{\Bbb R\setminus A}|f-f_n|d\lambda\\ &\leqslant \mu(A)\sup_{x\in A}|f_n(x)-f(x)|+3\varepsilon. \end{align}

Some remarks:

• We didn't use the fact we were working on $\Bbb R$, we can replace it by any measure space.
• We can replace pointwise convergence by almost sure convergence.
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what's L^1? and you proved limit$\int_Ef_n\geq\int_Ef$ or you proved "="?? because i'm confused. –  d13 Apr 28 '13 at 16:16
$L^1$ is the space of the equivalence classes of measurable integrable functions. I proved that $\int_{\Bbb R}|f-f_n|d\lambda\to 0$, which implies what was wanted. –  Davide Giraudo Apr 28 '13 at 16:34
Ahh ohkz, thankyou. and Sorry i didn't see that. –  d13 Apr 28 '13 at 16:47