We have
$$\mathcal B=\{\{x\colon [0,1]\to \Bbb R,x(t_j)\in B_j,\mbox{ for all }j\in J\}, J\subset [0,1]\mbox{ at most countable},B_j\in\mathcal B(\Bbb R),\\t_j\in [0,1]\}.$$
Indeed, this class contains the cylindrical sets and is a $\sigma$-algebra. If a $\sigma$-algebra contains the cylindrical sets, it will contain $\mathcal B$ as a countable intersection of such sets.
Now, we can see that no $S\subset C[0,1]$ (except the emptyset) is in $\mathcal B$. Indeed, $\mathcal B$ only gives conditions on the values of the map over a countable set. If $S\in\mathcal B$, let $\{t_j,j\in J\}\subset [0,1]$ as in the definition. Then taking $x(t_j)=a_j$, where $a_j\in B_j$, and $x(t)=\alpha\neq a_0$ when $t\notin \{t_j,j\in J\}$, this map is in $\mathcal B$ but not continuous (a neighborhood of $t_0$ will contain points which are not $t_j$).