# How to get the result using Pepin's test

How do I achieve this result via Pepin's test by using Euler's Theorem and such to simplify $3^{2^{31}}$ and get the desired congruence of 10,324,303?

$3^{(F_5-1)/2} = 3^{2^{31}} = 3^{2,146,483,648} \equiv 10,324,303 ≢ -1 (mod 4,294,967,297)$

Where $F_5$ is Fermat's 6th number $2^{32}+1$

Using powermod functions gives the desired result for $a^{b} mod(m)$ but I'd like to do this one by hand to better understand how powermod simplifies.

Thanks!

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Do you really want to calculate it 'by hand'?? What is the real question you want to ask? –  Berci Sep 19 '12 at 17:04
If you want to use Euler's Theorem, you will need the factorization of $F_5$ in order to find $\varphi(F_5)$. The factorization is known, but rather goes against the spirit of Pepin's Test. –  André Nicolas Sep 19 '12 at 20:55

Firstly, working modulo $4,294,967,297$ is very difficult by hand and unwieldy even for a pocket calculator.
Secondly, the exponent $2,147,483,648$ has only one $1$ when written in binary, which does not lend itself to giving you an enlightening experience of binary exponentiation.
If you really want to try this, start by computing $3^{16}$ which is quite small. Then square the result and reduce modulo $4,294,967,297$. And repeat $26$ times until you reach $3^{2^{31}}$.