Prove $\sqrt{\arctan(x)} = (1/2) \arccos((1-x)/(1+x))$

$$\sqrt{\arctan(x)} = \dfrac{1}{2} \arccos\left(\dfrac{1-x}{1+x}\right)$$

I have been trying to solve this problem for the past hour, but I'm not able to solve it as I have just started solving difficult trigonometric problems. I'm not able to get any logic to solve this problem. I'm not able to put any trigonometric formula to solve this please help.

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This looks like a math problem, nothing to do with Mathematica. Migrate? –  stevenvh Aug 27 '12 at 15:17
This statement is not true: Sqrt[ArcTan[x]] === 1/2 ArcCos[(1 - x)/(1 + x)] --> False. Can anybody check if my TeX-ification is correct? –  stevenvh Aug 27 '12 at 15:35
This user already has several questions like this on Math.SE, so it's a bit strange to post this here now, having found the right place in the past. Even though it was purely accidental, hopefully they'll be glad that we saved them from a low-quality question... –  Oleksandr R. Aug 27 '12 at 15:54
Auch! That 0% accept rate (!!) hurts trigonometrically...either you don't like the answers you get here or else you forget to accept the best ones. Either way this may cause people not to make an effort to help you out. –  DonAntonio Aug 27 '12 at 16:19
I think you mean $\arctan \sqrt{x}$, not $\sqrt{\arctan x}$. –  Robert Israel Aug 27 '12 at 19:48

migrated from mathematica.stackexchange.comAug 27 '12 at 16:00

This question came from our site for users of Mathematica.

Here is 2-steps plan:

1. Salvage your accept rate from its current appalling value.
2. Prove that $$\arctan(\sqrt{x}) = \frac{1}{2} \arccos\left(\dfrac{1-x}{1+x}\right).$$
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The statement isn't true. For instance you can plot the difference or compute an asymptotic expansion of the difference in $0$ :

$$\frac{2\,{x}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}-\frac{11\,{x}^{\frac{5}{2}}}{15}+\frac{2\,{x}^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7}+\cdots$$

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• Show that they're equal at $x=0$, so that constant must be $0$.
Here is short demonstration, using trigonometric identities. Suppose $\sqrt{x} = \tan(\phi)$ for some $0\leqslant \phi < \frac{\pi}{2}$. Then: $$\frac{1-x}{1+x} = \frac{1-\tan^2(\phi)}{1+\tan^2(\phi)} = \frac{\cos^2(\phi)-\sin^2(\phi)}{\cos^2(\phi)+\sin^2(\phi)} = \frac{\cos^2(\phi)-\sin^2(\phi)}{1}= \cos(2\phi)$$ Hence: $$\arctan\left(\sqrt{x}\right) = \phi = \frac{1}{2}\arccos\left(\frac{1-x}{1+x}\right)$$ –  Sasha Aug 27 '12 at 19:23