# Extension of morphisms on surfaces

Consider two regular integral proper algebraic surfaces $X$ and $Y$ over a DVR $\mathcal O_K$ with residue field $k$. Let $U \subset X$ be an open subset, s.t. $X\setminus U$ consists of finitely many closed points lying in the closed fiber $X_k$. Assume that all points in $X\setminus U$ considered as points in $X_k$ are regular. Consider now an $\mathcal O_K$-morphism $f: U \to Y$.

Is there any extension of $f$ to $X$?

I know that $Y_k$ is proper. Since every $x \in U_k$ is regular, $\mathcal O_{X_k,x}$ is a DVR, therefore by the valuative criterion of properness $$Hom_k(U_k,Y_k) \cong Hom_k(X_k,Y_k),$$

so $f_k$ can be uniquely extended to $X_k$. Thus, set-theoretically an extension of $f$ exists.

On the other hand, if there is an extension of $f$ to $X$, then on the closed fiber it coincides with $f_k$. Unfortunately, I don't see, how to construct such an extension scheme-theoretically.

### Motivation

Consider a subset $\mathcal C$ of the set of irreducible components of $Y_k$. Assume that the contraction morphism $g: Y \to X$ of $\mathcal C$ exists, i.e. $X$ is proper over $\mathcal O_K$, $g$ is birational and $g(C)$ is a points if and only if $C \in \mathcal C$. Since $g$ is birational we have a section $f: U \to Y$ of $g$ over an open $U \subset X$. In fact, $X\setminus U = f(\mathcal C)$. If we now assume that all $x \in X\setminus U$ are regular as points in $X_k$, we will obtain the above situation.

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There is something wrong in your setting. As $Y$ is proper over $O_K$, $f$ proper implies that $U$ is proper over $O_K$, hence closed (and open) in $X$, so $U=X$. –  user18119 Jul 5 '12 at 22:48
@QiL: You are perfectly right, the assumption of properness of $f$ was a mistake and did not fit in my setting. I've corrected the question and added a motivation. Thank you. –  finite Jul 6 '12 at 8:47

## 1 Answer

Suppose $f : U\to Y$ is dominante. Then $f$ extends to $X$ if and only if $Y\setminus f(U)$ is finite. In particular, in your situation, $f$ extends to $X$ only when $g$ is an isomorphism (no component is contracted).

One direction (the one that matters for you) is rather easy: suppose $f$ extends to $f' : X\to Y$. As $X$ is proper, $f'(X)$ is closed and dense in $Y$, so $f'(X)=Y$ and $Y\setminus f(U)\subset f(X\setminus U)$ is finite.

For the other direction, consider the graph $\Gamma\subset X\times_{O_K} Y$ of the rational map $f : X - -\to Y$. Let $p: \Gamma\to X$ be the first projection. Then $\Gamma\setminus p^{-1}(U)$ is contained in the finite set $(X\setminus U)\times (Y\setminus f(U))$. This implies that $p$ is quasi-finite. As $p : \Gamma\to X$ is birational and proper (thus finite), and $X$ is normal, this implies that $p$ is an isomorphism. So $f$ extends to $X$ via the $p^{-1}$ and the second projection $\Gamma\to Y$.

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Thank you very much. –  finite Jul 6 '12 at 13:14