Can a countable set contain uncountably many infinite subsets such that the intersection of any two such distinct subsets is finite ?
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Yes. For every $r\in\mathbb R$ choose a sequence of rational numbers $\{r_n\in\mathbb Q\mid n\in\mathbb N\}$ which converges monotonically to $r$, this sequence is of course a subset of $\mathbb Q$ - a countable set. If $r\neq s$ are two real numbers then the sequence we chose for them must intersect at a finite subset, otherwise we had a subsequence of the two which would converge to two different limit points. Since $\mathbb R$ is uncountable (and in fact has cardinality as $\mathcal P(\mathbb Q)$) we have indeed uncountably many subsets of $\mathbb Q$ with the wanted property. |
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Consider the directed graph with vertex set $\mathbb{N}$ and edges $(n, 2n)$, $(n, 2n + 1)$ for all $n$. Then infinite paths starting at node 1 in the graph can be considered as subsets of $\mathbb{N}$ and satisfy the condition. |
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Yes. We know $\mathbb{N}$ and $\mathbb{Q}$ are equipotent so we choose a bijection $f:\mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{Q}$. We also know that $\mathbb{R}$ is equipotent to the set of equivalence classes of Cauchy sequences in $\mathbb{Q}$. For every $r \in \mathbb{R}$ choose $(q_{r,n})_n$ a representative from the equivalence class corresponding to $r$. Note that if $r_1\neq r_2 \in \mathbb{R}$ then $q_{r_1,n} = q_{r_2,n}$ for at most finitely many $n$. Since $f$ is a bijection we have that the sequences $(m_{r,n})_n := (f^{-1}(q_{r,n}))_n \subseteq \mathbb{N}$ share the same property. Since $\mathbb{R}$ is uncountable this concludes the proof; just choose the subset $N_\alpha$ to be the range of $m_\alpha$. |
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Pick $S = \cup_{n \in \mathbb N} \{0;1\}^{\{1;2;\ldots;n\}}$, the set of functions from a finite set to $\{0;1\}$. For any function $f : \mathbb N \to \{0;1\}$, let $g(f) = \{ f|_{\{1;2;\ldots;n\}}, n \in \mathbb N\}$ : $g(f)$ is the subset of $S$ containing all the restrictions of $f$. Then the set $\{g(f), f : \mathbb N \to \{0;1\}\}$ is an uncountable subset of $\mathcal P(S)$ (because $g$ is injective and there are uncountably many functions $f$) where any two distinct subsets have finite intersection (if $f_1$ and $f_2$ are distinct, they disagree at some integer $n$, from which all their restrictions are different). Also, this is almost the same as picking $S$ as the set of finite subsets of $\mathbb{N}$, and $g : \mathcal P(\mathbb N) \to \mathcal P( S)$ the injection given by $g(X) = \{X \cap \{1 ; 2 ; \ldots n \}, n \in \mathbb N\}$. |
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